Akuzange kuthathe ixesha elide emva kokusela i-cafeine ephezulu yeziphuzo zamandla ezidityanisiweyo kwintengiso ukuze abantu baqale ukudibanisa notywala, kwaye kungekude emva koko ukuba amagosa ezonyango azikhathalele ngengozi.
Emva kokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo zengqondo ngo-2011 ukuba iindwendwe zamagumbi e-ngxakeko oluphuthumayo olubandakanya utywala oluxutywe neziphuzo zamandla ezininzi ziye zanda i-10 kwiminyaka emihlanu edluleyo, abaphandi baqala ukujonga ukhuseleko lweziphuzo zotywala.
Ubungozi bokuxuba utywala kunye neziNxila zamanzi
Uphando olusisiseko malunga nokusela kotywala oluxutywe kunye ne-caffeine ephuzwayo iziphuzo zokufumana izidakamizwa zifumene ukuba abo benza njalo banokuthi:
- Shayela phantsi kwefuthe
- Hamba nomqhubi oxilisiweyo
- Yenzakaliswe
- Ufuna unyango
- Ukuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa zotywala
Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba abatsha ababesela utywala abaxutywe nabanxilisayo banamathuba amane okwenza ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala .
IiNdawo eziTshintshileyo zabaNxila abancinci
UMarczinski kunye noogxa beSebe leNzululwazi yeNzululwazi eNyakatho yeYunivesithi yaseKentucky baye baqhuba izifundo eziliqela kwiziphumo zokuxuba iziphuzo zamanzi kunye notywala. Bakufumanisa ukuba lo mkhuba uthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabaselula nabancinci.
Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa notywala bodwa, ukusela utywala obuxutywe kunye ne-caffeine iziphuzo ezidityanisiweyo kwakuxhomekeke kwizinga eliphezulu lokunxila, ukuqhuba umonakalo, ukuziphatha okubi ngokwesondo, kunye nomngcipheko wokuxhomekeka kotywala.
Iingxaki ezichaphazela le mngcipheko zazizimeko ezithintekayo zezixhobo zokusela iziphuzo zotywala, abaphandi bathi, kuquka:
- Ukunciphisa ukutywala
- Ukukhuthazwa okuphuculweyo
- Umnqweno ophuculweyo wokusela
Olunye uphando lwabafundi abangama-652 beekholeji kwi-Yunivesithi yaseMichigan Institute for Research Social, bathole ukuba abasebenzisi bokusela basebenzi banxila kakhulu kwaye banxila kakhulu kwiintsuku basebenzise zombini iziphuzo zamanzi kunye notywala xa kuthelekiswa neentsuku zotywala.
Uphononongo lufumene ukuba abafundi beekholeji abaxutyisa iziphuzo zamanzi kunye notywala babenokuthi babe nobumnyama , banxiliswe ngobuthi be-alcohol , kwaye bahlanganyele ekuziphatheni okuyingozi.
Olunye uphando kwiYunivesithi yaseBuffalo's Institute of Research on Addictions (RIA) yafumanisa ukuba abafundi abaxuba utywala ngamanzi asetyenziswayo banokuthi bangene emngciphekweni wokuthatha umngcipheko kunye neengozi kunye nesondo esingaphephile ngenxa
- Ukukhulelwa okungafunekiyo
- Izifo ezithathelwana ngesondo
- Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo
- Ukuxinezeleka
Kuyacaca ukuba, izazinzulu azikafumani kakuhle ukuba ukuxuba utywala kunye neziphuzo zamandla kuphazamisa umntu osela, kodwa uphando luyacaca ngakumbi kwiingozi ezibandakanyekayo.
Phuza ngaphezulu, amava amaninzi afanelekileyo
Uphononongo olunzulu lwezifundo ezingama-62 zenzululwazi ngokuxuba utywala kunye neziphuzo zamandla zifumene ukuba abantu abaselula abaxuba ababini baphuze utywala obuninzi kwaye babenobungozi obuninzi obunxilisayo kunabo babesela utywala bodwa.
UMcKetin kunye noogxa kwi-National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, iYunivesithi yaseNew South Wales, eSydney, eAustralia bachaze ukuba uphando lwamava lufumanisa ukuba ukuxuba utywala kunye ne-caffeine:
- Ukunyusa nokunyusa
- Ukunciphisa ukukhathala okuhlobene notywala
- Ukwandisa umnqweno wokuqhubeka usela
Naliphi na le ngasentla inokuba yimpembelelo ekunyuseni ukusetyenziswa kotywala kulabo baxuba utywala kunye neziselo zamandla.
Ukuphononongwa kwakhona kwafumanisa ukuba ukuxuba utywala kunye neziphuzo zamandla akuzange kutshintshe umthamo wegazi , ubona ukuxhalabisa, ukukhubazeka okubonakalayo okanye ukukhubazeka kwangempela.
Ukuhlaziywa kukaMcKetin kwaphawula ukuba uphando oluxhaswe ngoshishino lophuzo lwamandla lwalulinganisa izigqibo. Wacetyisa ukuba ukubandakanyeka kweshishini ekuphandweni kotywala kwamandla kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokukhawuleza.
Kufuneka uzinyame. Xa ufunda ngesihloko, uphando umthombo ukuba uqiniseke ukuba uyayithemba kwaye ichane ingxelo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ngaba Kuya kuhlanganiswa Ukwandisa Ukunqwenela Utywala Olongezelelweyo?
Enye indawo enkulu yokungavumelani phakathi kwabaphandi kukuba ingaba ukusetyenziswa kwabaxubezeli bamanzi okuphuza amandla kunyuse umnqweno wesiselo lomnxila.
U-Marczinski uye wapapasha izifundo ezimbini zokuhlola ezenza ukuba i-caffeine ikhulise iindawo ezivuzayo kunye nokuqiniswa kotywala, njengoko zifunyenwe izilwanyana.
Kuphando oluthile, abaphandi bakaMarczinski bafumene ukuba utywala wedwa wandisa umnqweno wokuzisela utywala obuninzi kulabathathi-nxaxheba, kodwa utywala obuxutywe neziphuzo zamandla "ukunyuka komnqweno wokuphuza utshwala obuninzi kunokuba ubonwe ngotywala kuphela."
Olunye uvavanyo lwaseMarczinski olubandakanya abaphuza iikholeji bafumanisa ukuba ukuxuba iziphuzo zamanzi kunye notywala kwandise ukuba abafundi bafumane utywala obuninzi.
Kwakhona, uvavanyo lufumanisa ukuba ngokudibanisa ukuxiliswa kwamanzi kotywala kotywala kwandisa umphumo wokuba utywala obuninzi ngaphaya kwinqanaba lotywala lodwa.
Umphumo wokuLawula ukuziphatha
Ngaphezulu kokwandisa umnqweno wokusela utywala, iziphuzo zamandla ezixutywa kunye notywala zingabangela neengozi kunye nobungozi kwabaphuzayo ngokuphazamisa ukuziphatha kwabo.
Umxube ufunyenwe ukuvelisa ukungaphumeleli kokunciphisa ukuxhatshazwa kokunxiliswa yedwa, ngelixa linye kuphucula ukuvuselela, olunye uphando olwenziwa nguMarczinski. Abaphandi bathi: "Ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha okungafanelekanga kunye nokukhuthazwa okuphuculweyo kukudibanisa nokwenza utywala obuxutywe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusela izidakamizwa.
Impembelelo yangempela okanye yePalebo?
Abanye abaphandi, nangona kunjalo, baye bafumanisa ukuba ukusela kwamandla okusela kumxube kunesiphumo esincinci kumntu oselayo ngaphandle kokubona kwabo izinga lokuxila.
I-Peacock kunye noogxa kwi-School of Psychology, iYunivesithi yaseTasmania, eAustralia yabona ukuba umphumo wobutywala obuxutywe neziphuzo zamandla zikunye kuphela ekukhuthazeni ukuxilisa xa ubukho beziselo zamandla zingabikho miphumo ekuboneni utywala.
Uphononongo lwePeacock lwafumanisa ukuba ukuthatha ingozi kuye kwandiswa kuphela kubathathi-nxaxheba abasebenzisa i mixer enezixhobo zamanzi, kodwa umphumo "wawungumlinganiselo omncinci kuphela."
I-Blood Alcohol kunye nokuNxila
Olunye uphando oluqhutywe nguBenson kunye noogxa kwi-Centre for Psychopharmacology, i-Swinburne University of Technology, eMelbourne, eAustralia akafumani nantlukwano kwi-alcohol content content and subjection intoxication phakathi kwamaqela atywala utywala kuphela kunye nalabo baxuba utywala ngamanzi asele.
Iziphuzo zamanzi eziqukethe i-80mg ye-caffeine-zandise ngokwabo "amandla" kwaye "ziyaneliseka" emva kwemizuzu engama-45, kodwa zancipha ukwaneliseka kwiminithi engama-180, uBenson wafumana.
LeMpilo yeMpilo
Ukongeza kwimingcipheko yokuxuba utywala kunye neziphuzo zamandla, kukho imingcipheko yempilo echaphazelekayo ekunxilweni kwamandla, ngokukodwa kubantu abatsha. Uphando lwabafundi abayi-8,210 esikolweni esiphakamileyo lufumanisa ukuba malunga neyesibini kubathathu kubo babika ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokusela zamandla kunyaka odlulileyo kunye no-20% bawadla ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga.
Uphando ludibanise iziphuzo zamandla kwiimpawu ezintle zempilo ezibandakanya:
- Iingxaki zeenhliziyo
- Ukuphazamiseka kokulala
- Ukhathazeka okanye ukuxhamla
- I sizathu
- Intloko
- Unzima ukugxila
- Ukunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi
Ukukhathazeka kwezempilo kaRhulumente ka-FDA
NgoNovemba ka-2010, i-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yaxwayisa iinkampani ezininzi ukuba iziphuzo zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo zangaphambili ezixutywe ngotywala zibhekwa zingakhuselekanga, zithi "kukho ubungqina bokuba ukudibanisa i-caffeine kunye notywala kule miveliso kuyinkxalabo yempilo yoluntu. "U
I-arhente isongelwa ukuba isuse iimveliso zabo zotywala eziqukethe i-caffeine kwimarike, ekudaleni ukuvinjelwa kweziphuzo zotywala zotywala.
Nangona abavelisi bengavumelekanga ekuthengiseni iziphuzo zotywala ezidakile ngaphambili, akukho nto igcina abantu ekuthengeni iziphuzo zamandla kunye nokuxuba kunye notywala ngokwabo. Akukho mthetho ochasene nawo, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba kukhethwe ukuhlakanipha.
ILizwi
Ukuba i-FDA ivimbile abavelisi ekuthengiseni iziphuzo zamandla ezinxilisayo ngenxa yobungozi bempilo, mhlawumbi akuyiyo ingcamango efanelekileyo yokuxubusha ezimbini.
Ingxaki ngalezi ziphuzo kukuba i-caffeine inokuthi ifake imiphumo yotywala kodwa ayinciphisi umonakalo owenziwe ngotywala. Ngako oko, unokuphelisa ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ungaphili kakuhle kunokuba uzive unjalo, okanye ucinge ukuba ungubani.
Oku kudibanisa inobungozi engakhokelela kwiingozi kunye nokulimala kunye nokuziphatha okuyingozi. Kwakhona, ukuba uneminyaka engaphantsi kwaye usoloko usela utywala oluxutywe neziphuzo zamandla, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa uphezulu kakhulu kunabantu abatsha abaphuza utywala kuphela.
Kungakhathaliseki naluphi na uxinzelelo kontanga, into eyenziwa ngabanye, okanye oko ucinga ukuba ingaba yinto efanelekileyo, sebenzisa ingqiqo kwaye usebenzise imichimo ekhuselekileyo ukuze uzuze kunye nempilo yakho.
Imithombo:
Benson, S, et al. "Imiphumo yokuphuza utshwala kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla omnxila kwiimvakalelo kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokuxilisayo: i-double-blind, controlbo-controlled control, i-crossover study". Julayi 2014.
Marczinski CA, et al. "Iziphuzo zotywala ezixutywe notywala: ziziphi iingozi?" Iziphumo Zokondla Oktobha 2014.
Marczinski, CA, et al. "Umnqweno wokuNxila utywala uphuthunyiswe nge-High-Caffeine Energy Drink Mixers". Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando 15 Julayi 2016.
McKetin R, et al. "Ukuhlaziywa ngokubanzi kwemiphumo yokuxuba i-caffeinated energy isiphuzo kunye notywala." Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye noTywala ngoJuni 2015.
Peacock A, et al. "Impembelelo yobunxila kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala kwamandla ekudakwa nokuziphatha ngendlela engozi." Utywala: Uphando lweKlinikhi noPhando ngoJulayi 2013.