Ukuba uhlambulula okanye usebenzise ngokugqithiseleyo, unokuba uzibuze ukuba ngaba uya kuthathwa njengento ene-bulimia nervosa. Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi awunalo. Oku kunokuthetha ukuba unenkinga eyahlukileyo: unokuba ne-purging disorder.
Iyintoni Ingxaki Yokuguquka?
Ingxaki yokuguqula ingxaki yokutya efunyaniswayo xa umntu ehlambalaza ukuba atshintshe isimo okanye isisindo kodwa engadli.
Ingacingelwa nje ngokuba yi- bulimia nervosa ngaphandle kokuxinwa. Ininzi ebhaliweyo malunga neengxaki ibonakala ngathi ukuhlanza kuyindlela echanekileyo yokuhlanjululwa, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-laxative kunye ne-diuretic kuyafana. Izigulane ezininzi zibandakanyeka kwezinye iindawo zokuziphatha ukuhlawula ukutya, kubandakanya ukuzivocavoca ngokweqile nokuzila ngokukhawuleza .
Nangona ukuhlanjululwa kwengxaki kuye kwaba khona ixesha elithile, okokuqala kwaqashelwa nguKeel kunye noogxa ngo-2005. Ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki kuye kwafundwa ngaphantsi kwe-bulimia nervosa. Enyanisweni, izigulane ezininzi ezineengxaki zokuhlanza zinokuthi zifumaneke ngokungenakulungeleka njenge-bulimia nervosa okanye zingenakufumaniswa ukuba zikhona.
Ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki akubhalwanga njengengxaki esemthethweni kwiNcwadana yokuThengisa kunye neStatistical of Disabilities (DSM-5). Esikhundleni saloo nto, ifakwe njengenkcazo echazwe ngaphakathi kwinqanaba leNdawo yokuZondla ngokuKodwa kunye nokuHlezwa kokutya (OSFED) .
Eli candelo libandakanya abantu abaneengxaki ezidityanisiweyo zokutya ezingenakuhlangabezana nemigqaliselo yesinye sezifo zokutya eziphambili ezibandakanya i- anorexia nervosa , bulimia nervosa, okanye ukutywala ukutya . Nangona kungenawo udidi lwalo olusemthethweni, ukuhlanjululwa kwemingcipheko kunokuba yinto enzulu kangangoko nayiphi na enye yeengxaki.
Akucaci ngokucacileyo
Ngenxa yokuba ukuhlanjululwa kwengxaki akuchazwanga kakuhle, abaphandi abavumelananga ngokupheleleyo malunga noko kuqukwayo. Enye yemingeni yenkqubo yethu yokuxilonga ngoku ikhetha isigqibo somntu othile oneqela elithile leempawu kufuneka abekwe kuyo.
Umzekelo, umsebenzi oqhutywe ngokutsha usanda kufakwa njengendlela yokuhlanza. Nangona ukusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengento ephilileyo nempilo yoluntu-ngendlela yokuhlanza okanye ukusebenzisa i-laxative ukungasebenzi ngokweqile kunokuba yingxaki enkulu.
Nangona kunjalo, akukacaci ukuba ukuziphatha ngokweqile kwendlela yokuzivocavoca ngokwalo kwanele ngokwanele ukuxilongwa kwegazi lokungcola. Esinye isethi sabaphandi bakholelwa ukuba kufanelekile. Kuhlolisiso lwabo lwakutshanje, bafumene ukuba abantu abenza umsebenzi oqhutywe rhoqo (kodwa bangasebenzisi ezinye iindlela zokuhlanza) banesifo sengqondo esifanayo kunye nalabo bahlaziya rhoqo ngokuhlanza okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-laxative.
Ngaloo ndlela uphando luqhubeka kwaye ngenxa yoko, akucaci kakuhle ukuba ingxaki yokuhlanjululwa iya kuchazwa njani.
Ngubani Ofumana Ukuphazamiseka Kweengxaki?
Inkathazo yokuguqula ixhaphaka ngokuqhelekileyo ekufikeni kwexesha leshumi ekufikeni kwasebusheni nasekuqaleni kwabantu abadala. Ichaphazela ikakhulukazi amabhinqa kunye nabantu abahlelwa njengesisindo esifanelekileyo okanye ngaphezulu.
Ngenxa yenkqubo yokuhlaziya, eyona nto ibeka phambili ukuxilongwa kwe-anorexia nervosa, ukuhlanjululwa kwengxaki ngokuqinisekileyo ayikwazi ukufunyanwa kubantu abaphantsi kwamandla. Abantu abaphantsi komzimba kunye nokubandakanya ukuhlanjululwa kunokuthi bafumane i-anorexia nervosa, i-binge / purge subtype.
Njengengxenye yabo bafuna unyango ngenkinga yokutya, uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuhlengahlengiswa kwengxaki yinkinga ekuboniseni izigulane zabantu abadala ukuya kuma-5 ukuya kwe-10 kunye neepesenti ezingama-24 ukuya kuma-28 ezigulane eziselula. Ingaba yinto eqhelekileyo yokuxilongwa xa abantu abanomzimba ogqithiseleyo bahlulwa njengento yokuhlanza.
Ngaba Ukuxhatshazwa Kweengxaki Ezivela KuBulimia Nervosa no-Anorexia Nervosa?
Ngenkcazo, abantu abaneengxaki zokuhlanza abanalo iziqwenga zokutya ezikhulu ngokungaqhelekanga ezibonisa u-bulimia nervosa (ngaphandle koko baya kuhlangabezana neempendulo ze-bulimia nervosa). Nangona kunjalo, banokuziva becinga ukuba "badla kakhulu" xa beyidla kuphela ukutya okuqhelekileyo. Baya kuhlamba emva kokutya. Bangafumana amanqanaba afanayo enetyala kunye neentloni kwabo bahlamba emva kokutya ukutya okuninzi.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba izigulane ezihlambululayo kodwa ezingenakucinwa zizibonakaliso ezinzima ezibandakanya ukutya okuthintelekileyo, ukukhathazeka ngengcinga yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki kunye nokukhathazeka komzimba . Uhlobo oluphambili phakathi kokuhlanjululwa kwengxaki kunye ne-bulimia kunokuthi ukuba izigulane ezine-bulimia nervosa zibika ukulahleka okukhulu kokulawulwa kokutya. Olunye uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuhlanjululwa kwengxaki kunokuncinci ngakumbi kune-bulimia nervosa.
Izigulane ezinokukhathazeka ngokuhlanjululwa zivame ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo zesisu emva kokutya kunye noxinzelelo ngakumbi kunabantu abanempilo kunye nezigulane ezine-bulimia nervosa. Ezinye izigulane zengxaki yokuhlanza zi no kuziva ukuba ukuhlanza kwabo kuhamba ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ngokutsho kukaKeel kunye noogxa (2017), izigulane ezineengxaki zokuhlanjululwa "zihlala zifana nezigulane ezine-anorexia nervosa kwintsebenziswano kunye nokuzibandakanya ngokubambisana kunokuba zifana nezigulane nge-bulimia nervosa" (iphepha 191).
Ezinye iziphazamiso eziye zenzeke kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwezifo
Izigulane ngeengxaki zokuhlanjululwa zivame ukuba nezinye izifo zengqondo:
- Kufikelela kuma-70 ekhulwini anesifo sengqondo
- Kufikelela kuma-43 ekhulwini anesifo sokukhathazeka
- Ukufikelela kwiipesenti ezingama-17 zine-disorder use disorder
Ukuguquka kwesifo kudibanisene nomngcipheko wokuzibulala nokuzilimaza ngokuzithandela.
Ingozi yokuPhupha ingxaki
Ukuguqulwa ngokuhlanza kukuxhomekeke kakhulu ekuphatheni ngenxa yokuba kunobungozi obuninzi bezonyango ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwamagciwane, ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte engakhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo, iingxaki zamazinyo, iinyembezi zokugulisa, kunye neengqungquthela ezivuthayo. Ukuphazamiseka kwezifo kungakhokelela iingxaki ngamathambo kunye neenkqubo zesisu kwaye zidibene nomngcipheko ophezulu wokufa . Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-laxatives kunokubangela ukuba kuxhomekeke kubo kunye nokuphazanyiswa kokusebenza kwezilwanyana eziqhelekileyo. Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwezidlovetics kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo ebalulekileyo yonyango.
Unyango lwe-Purging Disorder
Ngelishwa, njengethuba lokubhala, akukho mvavanyo yokulawulwa ngonyango engalawulwa ngandlela-thile eqhutyelwe abantu abaneengxaki zokuhlanza. Akukho zonyango ezisekelwe kubungcali ngokuphathelele ingxaki. Kukhona isibonakaliso esivela ekubandakanyweni kwezigulane kunye nokuhlengahlengiswa kwimeko yokuhlolwa kwonyango abanokuyifumana kwiCrotherapy Behavioral Treatment (CBT-E) , impatho enempumelelo kakhulu kubantu abadala abane-bulimia nervosa. Iimodyuli ezijongene nokunganyamezelani kwemizwelo kunye nokuxazulula ingxaki kunokuba luncedo ngakumbi. Ezi zicwangciso zinceda izigulane ukunyamezela iimvakalelo zokuzaliseka kunye nokuxhalabisa kwaye zibancede ziphuhlise ezinye izakhono zokujamelana.
Izigulane ezinokuxhatshazwa kwintlungu zingaphumelela ekukhutshweni kweempendulo, ezinokubandakanya ukutya ukutya okuqhelekileyo, ukufunda ukuguqulela ukuvakalelwa kwenyama njengenxalenye eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yokutya, nokukhusela ukuhlanjululwa. Iintsholongwane kunye neengxaki zokuhlanza zi no kulungiswa kakhulu ngoNyango olusisekelwe kwiNtsapho (i-FBT) , unyango olukhokelayo kubantwana abaselula kunye ne-anorexia nervosa, nangona uphando lukhawulelana.
NgokukaKeel kunye nabalingane (2017), izigulane ezineengxaki zokuhlanjululwa ezihlanjululwayo emva kokuba zikholelwa ukuba ziphethwe kukutya-ukuziphatha okufana nezigulane nge-bulimia nervosa-kungaphendula ngcono kunyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuvalelwa kokulahleka kokulawula ukutya akubi. Ngokwahlukileyo, izigulane ezihlambululayo kodwa azifumani nayiphi na iimvakalelo zokulahleka kokulawula ekudleni zingaba negalelo elincinci kunyango kuba ukuziphatha kwabo akuziveki ngxaki kubo. Bangase babonakale benjengezigulane ezine-anorexia nervosa abangenayo imithintelo yabo njengengxaki. Eli qela lokugqibela lingaba nelungelo lokuthatha unyango ngenxa yokwesaba ukuzuza ubunzima xa beyeka ukuhlanjululwa.
ILizwi
Abantu ababandakanyeka ekuhlanjeni nasekuziphatheni okufanayo bangaba neentloni baze bafune ukucela uncedo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufumana ingcali yezobugcisa kwaye ngokukhawuleza kungcono. Ukuba wena okanye othandekayo udla ngokutya kwezifo ezifana nokuhlanza, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwelaxatives okanye i-diuretics, okanye ukuvuthwa ngokugqithiseleyo, nceda ufuna uncedo.
> Imithombo
> Keel, Pamela K., uJean Forney, noGrace Kennedy. 2017. Ukuguquka kwezifo. I-Clinical Handbook ye-Complex kunye ne-Atypical Eating Disorders . 189-204. I-Oxford University Press. Inew york.
> Keel, Pamela K., Alissa Haedt, kunye noCrystal Edler. 2005. "Ukuguquka Kwengxaki: I-Variant Variant of Bulimia Nervosa?" I- International Journal Yokukhathazeka Kwokutya 38 (3): 191-99. https://doi.org/ > 10.1002 / udle.20179 >.
> Lydecker, uJanet A., Megan Shea, kunye noCarlos M. Grilo. "Ukuqhutyelwa ngokuzivocavoca kwi-Absence of Binge Eating: Impembelelo yokuPhupha ingxaki." I-International Journal ye-Disorders Disorders, n / > a > / a. Ufikelele kwiDisemba 16, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22811.
> Smith, Kathryn E., Janis H. Njalo, kunye noJason M. Lavender. 2017. "Ukuhlaziywa kweNgcali yokuPhepha ngeMeta-Analysis." I- Journal ye-Psychology engaqhelekanga 126 (5): 565-92. https://doi.org/ 10.1037 / abn0000243.