Ababhemayo abaqhelekileyo, abo abangabhiyoyiyo imihla ngemihla, abanako ukusela utywala imihla ngemihla kodwa banokubakho ngokukhawuleza ukubandakanya utywala obuyingozi kunye nokuphuhliswa kokusetyenziswa kotywala. Ukufundwa kwabaselula abangama-5,838 kubonisa ukuba ababhemayo abangabemihla ngemihla bangamaxesha angaphezu kwe-16 ukuba banokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kunokusela ababhema.
Abaphandi bahlolisisa idatha evela kwi-National Epidemiological Survey kwi-Alcohol kunye neemeko ezihambelanayo (i-NESARC) ukufumana imibutho phakathi kokuziphatha kakubi - ukubhema imihla ngemihla, ukubhema okungabikho imihla ngemihla nokungafuni ukubhema, nokusela utywala, ukusela okumalunga nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
Xa kuthelekiswa nabangabhemi kunye nababhemayo bemihla ngemihla, ababhemayo abaqhelekileyo babezihlandlo eziphindwe kabili ukuba bahlangabezane neendlela zokusetyenziswa kwezifo zokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Akwacaci kwiKholeji yabaFundi
Ucwaningo lweSizwe lwe-Epidemiological kwi-Alcohol kunye neemeko ezihambelanayo linike ithuba lokuphanda olu lwalamano kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-18 ukuya kwema-25, "utshilo uSherry A. McKee, uprofesa onxulumene neengqondo kwiYale University School of Medicine, kwiindaba ukukhululwa. "Sakwazi ukuhlolisisa ukuba imibutho phakathi kokubhema okungabikho imihla ngemihla kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala kwakucacile kubafundi beekholeji kuphela, okanye kudala kubantu abadala abangekho abafundi beekholeji."
"Abangabhiyozeli bemihla ngemihla baxhamla ngokukhawuleza kwabokutshaya, okwangoku bangama-25% abo bonke ababhemayo abadala base-US," wongezelela uSaul Shiffman, uprofesa kumasebe ezengqondo kunye nesayensi yezobisi kwiYunivesithi yasePittsburgh. "Ngaphezu koko, lo mzekelo kubalulekile kuba lukhanyisa kumaqela athile achazwe ngobudala kunye neepateni zokubhema nokusela. Oku kunokunyusa ukuqonda kwethu uluhlu lweendlela zokusela, kunye neendlela zokuphuza ingxaki."
Iibhiyozo zokuHluma kunye nokuNwa
"Sasilindele ukuba imibutho phakathi kokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokutshaya yayiza kuba yinto enkulu kunazo zonke kwabangabhasi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa bamangaliswa yimiqathango yemibutho," kuchaza uMcKee. "Nangona ukutshaya okungaqhelekanga kwakuqhelekileyo kubafundi bekholeji, ubudlelwane obuphakathi kokutshaya nokuziphatha kotywala kwakunjalo kubantu abadala ukuba bangabafundi okanye bengenawo."
"Nangona ababhemayo bemihla ngemihla babengenakuncipha kunokuba ababhemayo bemihla ngemihla baphuze imihla ngemihla, bekunokwenzeka ukuba badlula ubuninzi beveki kunye nosuku zonke ezichazwe yi-NIAAA njengengozi," wongezelela uShiffman. "Ngoko ke, nangona abantu ababhema imihla ngemihla besela kakhulu, ababhemayo abangabikho ngemihla baphuza kakhulu ingozi. Oku, ngokubambisana nabanye uphando, kubonisa ukuba ababhemayo abangabikhoyo okanye bangaphuzanga rhoqo kodwa kunokuthi babe neengxaki zexesha apho bangenza khona zombini, mhlawumbi Bathi bangenakuvinjelwa kwimibutho. Ukusela kunye nokutshaya kungakhuthazana ngokubambisana , okukhokelela ekubheni ukusela kakhulu nokubhema. "
Iibhokhwe ezingenayo i-Smoke ephumelelayo
Ababhali belo phetho bagqiba ekubeni ukungabikho komsi kwimivalo kusebenza ngokunciphisa ukutshaya nokusela ngokweqile.
"Okwangoku, uninzi lwamazwe lenze izibhengezo ezingabandakanywa ngotshani ezongezelela ekubhekeni kwindawo apho utywala khona," kuchaza uMcKee. "Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuyeka ukutshaya kunokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kwimivalo, ngokukodwa kubantu abaphuza kakhulu."
"Kuphi na ukuvalwa kwezinto ezibekwe ukutshaya kwimivalo - ngokukodwa e-Ireland - baye badibana nokuxhathisa okuqinile, kodwa ekugqibeleni baphumelela, bakhuthaza ababhemayo ukuba bayeke, kunye nokudala imimandla eyimimemo eyimimemo yabantu abangabhemi kwiindawo zokupapasha," kusho uShiffman. "Ngokuphazamisana nokuqhagamshelana phakathi kokutshaya nokusela , le nkqubo inokuphazamisa iindlela zokuphuza ukuphuza utshintsho kunye nokutshaya, kwaye ngoko ke kuvelisa inzuzo yexesha elide lezempilo loluntu."
Umthombo:
Harrison, ELR, et al. "Ukunxila kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala, ukuNxiliswa koMnxila, kunye noTywala kwiiNkcukacha zabantu abadala: iziphumo ezivela kwi-NESARC." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando. 25 Septemba 2008.