Umngcipheko okhulayo weMpawu zeMvelo kunye neZengqondo zengxaki yokuThuthukiswa kwiiVikethi zeMfazwe
Ukusebenzisa idatha evulekileyo esuka kwiprojekti yezemfundo ekugqibeleni iifayili zonyango kwii-veterans ze-American Civil War (1860-1865) ezibizwa ngokuba yiiNkcukacha zokuqala zeeNqanaba zomSebenzi, iiSifo, kunye nokuFafa, abaphandi baye bafumana ingozi eyongezelelekileyo yokugula emva kwemfazwe phakathi Iimfazwe zeMfazwe zoLuntu, kuquka i-cardiac, isisu, nezifo zengqondo ebomini babo.
Kwiprojekthi exhaswa ngemali yiNational Institutes of Aging, iifayile zenkonzo zamagosa ezisuka kwi-303 servicemen ezivela kwiinkampani ezingama-303 ze-Union Army egcinwe kwi-United States National Archives zifanelwe kwiifayile zempesheni kunye neengxelo zabagqirha kwiimviwo ezininzi zezempilo. Ingqungquthela yama-43 ekhulwini yamadoda aye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ebomini babo, ezinye zazo ziyabonwa namhlanje njengento ehambelana nesifo sengxaki yokuxinwa kwengxaki (post-traumatic disorder disorder) (PTSD). Eyona nto ibandakanyeke kakhulu kwaba ngamadoda abhalisele phantsi kweminyaka engaphantsi kwe-17. URoxane Cohen Silver kunye noogxa kwi-Yunivesithi yaseCalifornia, i-Irvine yashicilela iziphumo zabo kuMqulu ka-Februwari 2006 we- Archives General Jikelele .
Izifundo ze-PTSD ngoku zidibanise namava emfazwe ekubuyiseni kweengxaki zempilo yengqondo kunye neengxaki zempilo ezifana nesifo sengqondo kunye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu kunye neengxaki zesisu. Ezi zifundo zingenakho ukufikelela kwimpembelelo yexesha elide lempilo, kuba zijoliswe kwiimfazwe zengxabano zanje.
Abaphandi bafunda impembelelo yengxelo yokuthatha inxaxheba kwintetho yanamhlanje ukuba izinto ezinobungozi eziqhubekayo kwimicimbi yezempilo kamva zibandakanya iminyaka yokubhalisa, ukunyanzelisa ubundlobongela, ukubanjwa kwimeko yemfazwe kunye nokulimala.
I-Trauma ye-American Civil War
Imfazwe Yombango yayiyintlukwano ephawulekayo kumajoni aseMerika.
Amasosha aseMkhosini aqheleke ukuba athathe ixesha elide; phakathi kwama-15 ne-20 ekhulwini lamajoni ombutho we-Union babhalisa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 kunye ne-17. Iinkampani nganye ze-Union zenziwa ngamadoda angama-100 ahlanganiselwe kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kwaye ngaloo ndlela yayiquka amalungu omndeni nabahlobo. Ilahleko ezinkulu zeenkampani - i-75 ekhulwini yeenkampani kule sahluli elahlekelwe phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-5 ne-30 zabasebenzi bayo-phantse ihlala isho ukulahlekelwa yintsapho okanye abahlobo. Amadoda athetha ngokucacileyo kunye notshaba, othe ngamanye amaxesha amelela amalungu omndeni okanye abaqhelana nabo. Ekugqibeleni, ukungquzulana kwekota, kubandakanywa ukulwa ngesandla-ngaphandle kwesithintelo okanye ezinye izithintelo, kwakuyiqhinga eliqhelekileyo lentsimi ngexesha leMfazwe yoLuntu.
Ukulinganisa i-traum ehlangene namajoni aseMfazwe oLuntu, abaphandi basebenzisa isitshixo esivela kwipesenti zenkampani ezahluleka ukumela ukuxhomekeka ngokuthe ngqo kwintlungu. Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba kwiinkampani zemikhosi ezinamaqela amakhulu abulawa amajoni, amaqhawe angama-51 ekhulwini ayenakho amathuba okuba nesifo senhliziyo, isisu kunye nesifo.
Amagosa amancinane kunawo wonke ayengama-Hardest Hit
Uphando lwafumanisa ukuba amajoni amancinci (abaneminyaka engama-9 kuya ku-17 ekubhalweni) ayengama-93% ngaphezulu kunokuba abadala (abaneminyaka engama-31 okanye ngaphezulu) ukuze bafumane isifo sengqondo kunye nesifo.
Amajoni amancinci ayenako ukubonakalisa iimpawu zesifo se-cardiovascular yodwa kwaye ngokubambisana nezimo zesisu, kwaye kwakunokwenzeka ukufa kusasa. I-POWs yangaphambili yayinobungozi obuninzi beengxaki zomzimba kunye nezingokwenyama kunye nokufa kwangaphambili.
Enye ingxaki abaphandi ababeyibambene nayo yayiqhathanisa nezifo njengoko zabhalwa kwisiqingatha sonyaka we-19 ukuya kwizifo eziye zaziwa namhlanje. I-post-traumatic stress syndrome ayibonakaliswa oogqirha-nangona baqaphele ukuba abadlali bezilwanyana babonakalisa isigaba esiphakamileyo 'sesifo sokuphazamiseka' esibhala 'isifo senhliziyo esicasulayo'.
Abantwana kunye nabantwana abakwi-Adolescents in Combat
I-psychologist yaseHarvard uRoger Pitman, ebhala kwintetho kwincwadi, ubhala ukuba impembelelo kumajoni amancinci kufuneka abe nexhalaba ngokukhawuleza, kuba "iinkqubo zabo ezinokukhathazeka kunye nokunciphisa amandla okulawula iimvakalelo zinikeza isizathu esithile esikhulu sokukhathazeka ngengcamango yabantwana kunye abaselula abakhonza. " Nangona ukuchazwa kwezifo akuyiyo enye, omnye umphandi ophezulu uRoxane Cohen Silver uthi, "Ndiye ndafunda indlela abantu abanokujamelana ngayo namava obomi obunzima bezo zonke iindidi kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini kwaye ezi ziphumo zihambelana nokunyuka kweencwadi zonyulo imiphumo yempilo yengqondo kunye nengqondo yezinto ezibuhlungu. "
I-University of Boston University Psychologist Terence M. Keane, uMlawuli weZiko leSizwe le-PTSD, wathi uku "ukufunda" ngokuphawulekayo kufike ngexesha kwaye kuxabiseke kakhulu ekuqondeni kwethu kwexesha elide lemiphumela yokulwa. " UJoseph Boscarino, uMphandi oPhezulu kwiNkqubo yezeMpilo yeGeisinger, wongezelela esithi "Kukho abancinci abancinci abathi i-PTSD [i-post-traumatic stress disorder] ayikho okanye ixakile. Izifundo ezifana nalezi zenza kube nzima ukuyihoxisa ixesha elide nemiphumo yeengxaki ezibangelwa yimfazwe. "
> Umthombo
> Judith Pizarro, uRoxane Cohen Silver kunye noJoAnn Prause. 2006. Iindleko zeMpilo kunye neengqondo zeMfazwe ephazamisayo Iimpawu zoMkhosi weMfazwe. IiNcwadi zoLondolozo lwezeMpilo zengqondo 63: 193-200.
Ingqungquthela yokubhaliweyo yale nqaku yokuqala ibonakala kwiSayensi 311: 927. NgoFebruwari 17, 2006