Iyakuchukumisa izigqibo ozenzayo malunga nobomi bakho kunye nempilo
Ubume bemeko bokuba luhlobo oluthile lwenkcazo enokuqonda okubandakanya abantu bakhetha ukuba izinto zihlale njengoko zikhona okanye ukuba imeko yangoku ihlala ifana. Le ncamango ingaba nempembelelo ekuziphatheni komntu, kodwa inesihloko somdla kwezinye iindawo kuquka intlalo, ezopolitiki kunye noqoqosho.
Ngokuqaphela indlela isimo salo sithintela ngayo izigqibo zakho nezenzo zakho, unokujonga iindlela zokunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kwezigqibo ozikhethayo rhoqo ngosuku.
Yiyiphi imeko eyiyo i-Bio?
Utshintsho lunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kubantu abaninzi, mhlawumbi kutheni abaninzi banqwenela ukukhetha ukuba izinto zihlale zihlala ngendlela. Kwengqondo, lo mkhuba ubizwa ngokuba yi-status quo bias, uhlobo lwezinto ezinengqiqo apho abantu babonisa ukukhetha kwindlela izinto okwangoku. Xa kukho utshintsho, abantu bavame ukuyiqonda njengento elahlekileyo okanye eyingozi.
Ubume bokuba i-quo bias ibenokubangela ukuba abantu banganyangeki ukutshintsha, kodwa kunokuba nefuthe elinamandla kwizigqibo abazenzayo ngokunjalo.
Kwisiqendu sezilingo ezilawulwayo, uSamuelson kunye noZekkhauser bafumene ukuba abantu babonisa ukhetho olukhethileyo lwezinto ezigcina isimo se quo. Abathathi-nxaxheba baceliwe imibuzo eyahlukeneyo, umzekelo, apho bekufuneka bathathe inxaxheba kwisigqibo kwisigqibo esibhekene nabo ngabanye, abaphathi kunye namagosa karhulumente.
Ngokusekelwe kwimiphumo, abaphandi baqaphele iimeko ezinzulu kwiimpendulo.
Xa senza ukhetho olubalulekileyo, abantu banokukhetha ukhetho olugcina izinto njengokuba okwangoku. Oku kunciphisa ingozi ehambelana notshintsho, kodwa kubangela ukuba abantu baphoswe kwiintlobo ezinokuthi zigqithise ngakumbi ingozi.
Iinkcazo zeSimo seBoo
Ngoko kutheni abantu bathambekele ekubeni neengxaki ezinzulu malunga nesimo semeko?
Ininzi yezinye iingcamango ezixhasayo zixhasa ubukho bemeko ye-quo. Enye yale yaziwa ngokuba yilahleko yokulahlekelwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu, abantu bavame ukugxininisa ngakumbi kwiimeko zokulahleka ngaphandle kokufumana inzuzo xa sicinga ngenguqu. Njengoko baqwalasela ukhetho lwabo, abantu bagxininisa ngakumbi kwizinto abazimelayo ekulahlekeni kunokuba bazuze njani, kwimeko apho iimeko ezinokuthi zizuze ilahleko ezikhoyo.
Ngokomzekelo, uphando olwenziwa nguSamuelson noZakkhauser (1988) lubone ukuba abasebenzi abancinci banokuthi babhalisele isicwangciso se-inshurensi yezempilo esineentlawulo ze-premium ezingcono kunye nabakhulileyo, nakuba abasebenzi basebekhulile bekunokuthi banamathele kwizicwangciso zabo ezindala kodwa ezilungileyo.
Njengoko uKahneman noTversky (1979) bachaza, "ilahleko zikhudlwana kunokuba zizuze." Ngamanye amazwi, amandla okulahleka avela kwiingcinga zabantu ngokugqithiseleyo kunokuba lunako ukuzuza.
Kwimeko yokukhetha izicwangciso zeeinshorensi zempilo ezahlukeneyo, abasebenzi abadala banokukhathazeka ngokunciphisa naziphi na ilahleko ezikhoyo kunokuba zibeka engozini yonke into ekuzuzeni. Bayazi ukuba bangalindela kwisicwangciso sabo samanje, ngoko abanqwenela ukuthatha ingozi kwisicwangciso esitsha nangona isitshixo singase sibe neenzuzo zemali.
Ukuchazwa kweMere, okanye ukuthambekela kokukhetha izinto ngenxa yokuba bayazi kakuhle, banokudlala indima. Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba abantu bakhetha izinto ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba bajwayelene nabo, kuquka amagama, ubuso, imifanekiso, kunye nezandi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto esizicinga ukuba zikhetha ukuba zithandeke kuba siyazi kakuhle.
Impembelelo yeSimo seBoo
Ubume be-quo bias bungaba nefuthe elibi kwiinqununu ezahlukeneyo zemihla ngemihla .
Cinga ngamava akho okutya kwiindawo zokutyela ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba unabantu abaninzi, unokufumana ulawule into efanayo yemenyu rhoqo xa u tyelela indawo yokudlela yaseMexico.
Ezinye zezinto ezintsha kwi menu zingabonakala zilingayo, kodwa sele usasazi ukuba uya kuneliswa yintando yakho endala.
Esikhundleni sokuzama isidlo esitsha, kwaye ubeka umngcipheko ongenakuyithandayo, unokuba unamathele ekuthandeni kwakho okuqinisekileyo-kunye nenyaniso. Oku kunciphisa umngcipheko weliphi na ukulahleka okungenzeka (ukungonwabi noko uwayalile), kodwa uphoswa kwiintlobo ezinokuthi ufumane isidlo esithandayo.
Ukunamathela kunye nomboneleli wakho wephayibhile / we-satellite ngumnye umzekelo wendlela imeko ye-quo bias inokuchaphazela ngayo izigqibo zansuku zonke . Nangona omnye umniki-mboleko unakho ukubonelela ngamashishini athile kwixabiso elincinci, sele uqhelana namaxabiso, ukhetho, kunye neenkonzo zamakhasimende ezinikezwa ngumniki wakho wangoku. Ubume bokuba yi-status quo bias inokukukhokelela ukuba uhlale nomniki wakho wangoku ukuze ugcine izinto ngendlela abaye ngayo, kunokubeka ingozi kwikhetho elingaqhelekanga kodwa elingaphambili.
Iingcamango zingaphinda zibe nefuthe kwizinto ezibalulekileyo zobomi ezinokuthi zichaphazele iimali zakho, ukhetho lwakho lwezopolitiko kunye nempilo yakho.
Ngokomzekelo, i-bias isetyenziselwa ukucacisa ukuba kutheni abantu behluleka ukusebenzisa amathuba okutyalomali kunye namathuba okulondoloza. Kunokuba babeke imali yabo ekutsalweni kwemali enobungozi, abantu bahlala beshiya imali yabo kwi-akhawunti yokugcina imali.
Nangona ukugcinwa kwemali kwi-akhawunti yokulondoloza kubungozi obuphantsi, kubangela ukuba abantu balahlekelwe ngamathuba enzuzo ancedo. Ubume bendalo bukhokelela abantu ukuba bagcine imeko yabo yezimali njengokuba ngoku, kunokuba bathathe ingozi ekuphuculeni umbono wabo wezezimali.
Kwizopolitiko, iimeko zobungakanani bexesha eliqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukucacisa ingqondo egciniweyo. Abantu abachonga njengezilondolozo bathambekele ekugxininiseni ukugcina izithethe nokugcina izinto ngendlela. Oku kugwema ingozi ehambelana noshintsho kodwa iphinde ilahleke kwiintlobo ezinokuthi utshintshe.
Ubume be-quo bias buya kuba nefuthe ekukhetheni kwezempilo abantu abazenzayo. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba xa kunikezelwa ukhetho phakathi kwamachiza abo okwangoku kunye namayeza angcono, abantu banelungelo lokukhetha amayeza abo angoku. Esikhundleni sokubeka umngcipheko ukuzama imichiza engaziwayo enokuthi ingaba nemiphumo engaziwayo, abantu banqwenela ukunamathela kwizinto abazi, nangona kungenakulungile njengezinye iindlela.
Ewe, njengamanye amaninzi okungaziwayo , imeko ye-quo bias inezinzuzo. Ngenxa yokuba ithintela abantu ukuba bangene kwimingcipheko, i-bias inikezela ngezinga elithile lokukhusela. Nangona kunjalo, ukukhuselwa kongcinezelo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi ukuba ezinye iindlela zibonelela ngokukhuselekileyo kunye neenzuzo kunokuba imeko yimeko yangoku.
Imithombo:
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979). Iingcamango zeProspect: Uhlalutyo lwesigqibo phantsi koMngcipheko . Econometrica, 47, 263-291.
Mohamed, AF, Hauber, AB, Johnson, FR, Meddis, D., & Wagner, S. (2008). Isimo seBhayibhile kwiZifundo eziCwangcisiweyo: Ngaba kunjalo? Ixabiso kwiMpilo, 11 (6), A567-A568. i-doi: 10.1016 / S1098-3015 (10) 66867-2.
Samuelson, W., & Zeckhauser, R. (1988). Isimo seBoas kwiSigqibo sokwenza. Umbhalo weengozi kunye nokungaqiniseki, 1, 7-59.