Imishanguzo yesifo somzimba ayikho into encinci. Kwizinto ezilawulwayo ezifana ne-opioids, kukho isongelo sobungozi kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa, nangenxa yezigulane ezingenayo imbali yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye ukusetyenziswa kwangaphambili. Ngale ziphumo zitshanje kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwangoko kwe-DEA kulezi zinto ezilawulwayo, uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba abatsha, ngokukodwa, basengozini yokulutha i-opioid kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweyeza.
Ngomntwana oneminyaka eli-5 ubudala ochazwe i-opioid painkillers ngo-2010, oko kuthetha ukuba ipesenteji enkulu yabantwana abaselula bayabonakala kwizinto ezinokubangela ukutshaya. Ngaphandle kwentsholongwane ehlambulukileyo yeziyobisi, kuthiwa ayivumelani nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, kubandakanya inambuzane, imiyalelo evela koogqirha kwi-opioids njengePercocet okanye i-Vicodin inokuba yingozi ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi.
Oko kuthethwa nguPhando
Uphando oluqhutywe yiNational Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) ekuqaleni kuka-2016 lugqiba ukuba abatsha abafumene umyalelo we-opioid nge-12 bakala babe ngamaphesenti angama-33 amathuba okusebenzisa kakubi imithi ye-opioid phakathi kweminyaka eyi-19-23. Ukongezelela, ininzi yabantu abasengcupheni yabaselula yilabo abazange bavelele ngaphambili kwizidakamizwa ezingekho mthethweni zaluphi na uhlobo.
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba i-initially-relief relief experience intsha ivakalelwa ukuba iqhubeke ixhomekeke kulezi zinto ezilawulwayo kwixesha elizayo, ezivimbela aba bafana ukuba bahlale bezityhawula kule miyeza.
Uphando olutshanje olwenziwa ngu-NIDA lubonisa ukuba abantu banokuba yizilwanyana ezinjenge-Oxycodone ngeveki, nokuba mhlawumbi njengento emithathu isebenzise-kucinga ukuba kulungiselelwe ngeveki ukunikezelwa okanye iipilisi eziyisixhenxe ze-opioid, isigulane esele siphucule umlutha ukuziphatha nokuxhomekeka kwesi sigulo ngexesha elifutshane.
Lo mjikelo ubonisa ukuthembela kwilisi, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kunokuqhubeka nokuqala, phakathi, kunye nokudala kwabantu.
Ingozi yokuBoniswa Ngethuba lokuqala
Ubungozi bokungabonakali ngexesha lokuqala kakubi nje ukuxhatshazwa kakubi okanye ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kodwa ingozi yokunyanga izigulane ezingapheliyo ezifunda ukuxhomekeka kwizigulana zephilisi ngenxa yokuphulukana nentlungu kunokuba kungenelelo olungenelelo olupheleleyo. Olunye usongo olusondeleyo kunye nokuxhomekeka kwimiqathango yokuba izigulane zingakha ngaphezu kweminyaka kunye neminyaka yokusetyenziswa, kubangela ukuba izigulane zibe nemigangatho ephindwe kabini okanye kathathu idofine ifayili njengoko iqala ukuba ibe ngumntwana.
Ukongezelela, ukuvezwa kwe-opioid ebantwaneni kunokusebenza njengesixhobo "sokungena kwesango" kulabo abanamava angaphambili okusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, banikezela ukuba baqale ukuxhamla kwizinto eziluthayo ezifana ne-opioids. Izifundo ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukuba i-painkillers yonyango ingaba isisango sesango kwizinto ezigqithiseleyo njenge heroin . Ngokuthandana nokusebenzisa kakubi imithi yeentlungu phakathi kwabaselula namhlanje, nayiphi na into yokuzithengisa izidakamizwa ezinjenge-opioids inokubangela amathuba okusetyenziswa kakubi kunye nokuzonwabisa kwezilwanyana, ezikhokelela ekusebenziseni ukuzonwabisa kwangomso.
Kutheni Intsha Ingozi?
Yintoni eyenza eli qela elidala libe yingozi enkulu yokuxhatshazwa nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweepiyoid medication?
Okubaluleke kakhulu, yilapho ukungabikho kwamathuba okuphila kwamaqela okudala kunye nokulungelelaniswa kakubi kwimvakalelo ephakamileyo yokuzonwabisa ehambelana neziyobisi. Nangona umntwana osemthethweni ochazwe la mayeza, uninzi alulungele ukukhululwa kweentlungu kunye nokuvakalelwa kakuhle kweziyobisi.
Enye into engokwengqondo edlala indima kwiipatheni zokuxhatshazwa yinto yokuba uchwepheshe wezobugqirha othembekileyo uye wabachazela izidakamizwa kubo, kwaye ingqiqo yokhuseleko abavakalelwa ngokuba nogqirha "bayakuvumela" ukusetyenziswa kwezi zonyango kwenza abaninzi abaselula kukhulula.
Le mvakalelo idlala indima enkulu nakwiminyaka enentsholongwane yokulwa nezidakamizwa kuneentsholongwane ezinezidakamizwa zangaphambi kwezidakamizwa, kwaye uphando lubonisa ukuba abatsha abanesimo sengqondo esingenasicatshulwa kwimiphumo yezidakamizwa kwaye baye bafumana imiphumo yezidakamizwa kwinqanaba elincinane. bhetele ekugqityeni umyalelo wabo kwaye kwenziwa ngeziyobisi kunabaselula abangazilungiselelanga ngokwengqondo nangokwenyama kwimiphumo yeziyobisi.
Ngokwendalo, ingqondo yabantwana abaselula iyasakhula, kwaye ukubonakala kwe-opioids ngeli nqanaba lophuhliso kunokuchaphazela ukukhula kwengqondo. Uphando oluqhutywe kwiYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eSan Diego lubonisa ukuba phakathi neminyaka engama-12 ukuya kwintsholongwane, ubuchopho buyakwazi ukuzenza umkhuba wokuziphatha, njengomlutha. Ukongezelela, izinto ezinjenge-marijuana, utywala kunye ne-opioids zichaphazela ingqondo ngengqondo ngokuguqula umthamo wengqondo kunye nomgangatho wemigca emhlophe, oko kukunciphisa ubuchopho be-brain-conductivity. Oku kunokuchaphazela imisebenzi efana nokufunda, ukucutshungulwa kwengcamango, kunye nememori, kodwa kwakhona kubangele izakhono ezinonophelo zokwenza izigqibo ezikhokelela ekuziphatheni ingozi-ezi ziphatha kakubi zingabonakalisa kuyo nayiphi na into esuka kwi-opioid esebenzayo ukuzama ezinye izinto eziluthayo kunye neziyobisi.
Okukwintsusa
Imishanguzo yesifo somzimba ayikho into encinci. Nasiphi na isigulane okanye iqela elidala lisemngciphekweni wokulutha nokuxhatshazwa xa beqala ukuthatha i-opioids, nangona kunjalo, kukho ukwanda okwenkcenkceshelweyo kwiqela elidala elikhutheleyo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba iimeko zabo okanye iinkolelo zokusebenzisa iziyobisi.
Kubalulekile ukuba oogqirha kunye nabanye abaqeqeshi bezempilo baqaphele kwaye banokuqiniseka ukuba xa beka izinto ezinokulawulwa kwentsha efana ne-opioid painkillers, bachaza yonke ingozi kunye nemiphumo ehambelana nokunyanga kokubini isiguli kunye nabazali abagulayo.
> Imithombo:
> UCarlisle uMajwell J. I-Reliever neHerin Epidemic eUnited States: Ukunyuka kweMimoya kwiSiphepho esipheleleyo. J Umlutha Dis. 2015; 34 (2-3): 127-40.
> Mccabe SE, West BT, Boyd CJ. I-Leftover isimiselo se-opioids kunye nokusetyenziswa okungabonakaliyo phakathi kwabafundi abakhulileyo esikolweni esiphakamileyo. J Adolesc Health. 2013; 52 (4): 480-5.
> Sheridan DC, uLaurie A, uHendrickson RG, Fu R, Kea B, uHoowitz BZ. Umbutho wee-Opeoid Imimiselo ebanzi kwi-Opioid Abuse Abuse. Jemerg Med. 2016.