Indlela Ulungelelaniso Lwe-Hedonic Olusenza Uvuyo-kwaye Ungayitshintsha njani loo nto
I-Hedonic adaptation, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-hedonic treadmill," yimbono efundwa ngabaphandi abanokwenzululwazi abaneengqondo kunye nabanye abajolise kwintlalo nenhlalakahle ebhekisela ekutheni abantu bafuna ukubuyela kwinqanaba elincinane lolonwabo nangona ubomi behla. Iyaziwa ngokuthi "i-hedonic treadmill" ngenxa yokubonakala kokunandipha ukwandisa ulonwabo uze ubuyele kwinqanaba elifanayo njengaphambili-rhoqo "amanzi atyhidiweyo" apho sihlala siphelela khona apho saqala khona.
Imizekelo ye-Hedonic Adaptation
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo eziye zabonwa, kwaye nantsi imimiselo embalwa enomdla:
- Abantu abaphumelela i-lottery bavame ukubuyela kumanqanaba abo okuqala okonwaba emva kokuba umdlalo wokuphumelela usuphelile. (Abanye banokuphela ukuthokoza kakhulu ngenxa yenguqu ebudlelwaneni obuya kwenzeka.) Kukho ukuqhubela phambili kovuyo, okwenyani, kodwa emva kwonyaka, abantu abaphila kwimihla ngemihla bafumana uvavanyo olufanayo lolo lonwabo .
- Kwakunjalo nalabo abasengozini enkulu kwaye balahlekelwa ukusebenzisa imilenze yabo. Ukutshintshwa kwekhono kungonakalisa okokuqala, kodwa abantu bavame ukubuyela kumanqanaba abo angaphambi kwengozi emva kokuba ixesha lokuhlala.
- Uphando lufumene ukuba ukulunywa kokuqala kwento enhle kunolwazi kunokuba lunandi ngaphezu kwesithathu okanye yeshumi. Abantu bajwayele ukuzonwabisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza, ukuphathwa kakubi kancinci okungahambisani nefuthe elifanayo lovuyo.
Sinokulawula Kangakanani?
Abaphandi abaninzi baye bahlola i-hedonic treadmill yezinto kwaye baye bazama ukunquma ukuba lunjani ulonwabo lwethu. Umphandi uSonja Lyubomirsky uhlolisise le ngongoma kwaye ufike ngepesenti ethile: ama-40 ekhulwini. Ipesenti epheleleyo ye-50 yethu yolonwabo-esicatshulwayo, uphando lwakhe lucacisiwe, lubangelwa imvelaphi, ngelixa iipesenti ezili-10 zichaphazeleka ngokusisiseko kwiimeko ezifana nokuba sizalelwa kuphi na.
Oku kushiya ama-40 ekhulwini alawulwa yimpembelelo yethu, ngokuqinisekileyo ingaphantsi kwama-100 ekhulwini kodwa isabelo esibalulekileyo. Abanye abaphandi bafika ngamanani ahlukeneyo, kodwa bonke baye bahlala kule ballpark.
Imisebenzi eninzi kunye neyesiThuthi esithintekayo yiHedonic Treadmill
Eminye imisebenzi ixhomekeka kwi-hedonic-injabulo abayibangelayo idibanisa ngokukhawuleza. Eminye yale mi sebenzi yaziwa ngabaphandi kunye neengqondo zezinto zengqondo "njengolonwabo," kunokuzisa ukuqhuma okukhawulezayo-ucinga ukuba uyonwabile, oku kunokukhokelela ekuvuyiseni kwexesha elide . Umphandi uMartin Seligman, omnye woovulindlela kule ntsimi, wacacisa injabulo ngale ndlela:
Iimonwabo zivuyayo ezinemvakalelo ecacileyo kunye neengqungquthela zengqondo, oko ifilosofi zibiza ngokuthi 'i-raw feelings': ukucabisa, ukuvuyisa ... ukuzonwabisa, ukuvuya, ukuzonwabisa, nokuthuthuzela. Ziyi-evanescent, kwaye zibandakanya encinane, ukuba zikhona, zicinga.
Ezi ziyolo ziyakwazi ukuphakamisa imizwa yakho kwaye ikushiye uzive uncomekile, kodwa imiphumo yazo ingaba yantoni. Ngaphezu koko, sifundiswa kubo ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba unesidlo esifanayo imihla ngemihla ngeveki, umzekelo, unokufumana ukuba mnandi kakhulu ekupheleni kweveki ukuba unjengabantu abaninzi.
Oku kuyinyaniso yokukhwela kwinqwelo, iintyatyambo ezitsha, ukuphuza itiye, ukuphulaphula ingoma eyintandokazi, ukubukela iividiyo zezilwanyana ezithandekayo kunye nezinye izinto ezinonwabo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela zokunyusa ulonwabo lwezinto zokuzonwabisa, kwaye zifanelekile ukubandakanya ebomini bakho ngenxa yokuba zingakhokelela kwezinye iintlobo ezixutyushwa ngomzuzu.
U-Seligman uphinde aphande i-gratification, eziyimisebenzi esenza ukuba sibe nomvakalelo "wokugeleza" apho singaboni ukuhamba kwexesha, apho sithintela khona into esenzayo, kwaye sihlobo olulahlekileyo kulo msebenzi. Oku kwenzeka ngokulula xa sibhekene nomngeni onomdla kunye nohlobo olulungileyo locelomngeni kwizakhono zethu: akunzima kunzima ukuba singazidimazi, kodwa kunzima nje ukusigcina sivalelwa umngeni.
Igratification, kunye nemisebenzi eyenza ingqiqo enzulu yentsingiselo kuthi, iyakwazi ukukhuselana nemiphumo ye-hedonic adaptation.
Ngokuchasene noko, xa siqhubeka senza i-gratifications, ngakumbi siyabajabulela! Le yimisebenzi edinga umgudu kunye nengcamango, kodwa umvuzo uphakeme kakhulu. Xa sisenza ngakumbi, sinokuyithandayo. Oku kubandakanya imisebenzi edlalwa njengento yokuzilibazisa, njengokudala ubugcisa, ukufunda isakhono esinjengekarati, okanye ukubandakanya nomsebenzi ofana nokucamngca. Uninzi, ukuba akusiyo yonke i-gratifications inokuxinwa ngokukhululeka kwengcinezelo.
Ukwazi ukuba izinto ezinonophelo zikhawulezileyo kwimiphumo yazo zingabonakala zingenakulungelelaniswa nemigudu kuneminye imisebenzi efana ne-gratification engenza iziphumo ezingapheliyo. Kukho izizathu zokuba zikwazi ukufezeka kwiimeko ezithile, nangona kunjalo. Okokuqala, njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, bazisa ngokukhawuleza kwimiva ngaphandle kwemigudu eninzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kukho uphando oluphawulekayo olubonisa ukuba ukuphakama kwemizwa kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni ukhenketho kweemvakalelo kunye nokunyamezela okukhulu; ngokuqinisekileyo, izinto ezinokuzonwabisa zinokudala "ukunyuka okuphezulu," kwaye oku kunokukhokelela ekunandiseni ngakumbi nokunyamezela ukunyamezela. Ngomgudu omncinci abawufunayo, oku kuyingenelo enkulu kakhulu.
Okwesibini, ukunyanzelisa kuthatha umgudu ongakumbi, ngoko xa unemizuzu embalwa okanye umlinganiselo onamandla kakhulu, izinto ezinonophelo zihlala zilula kwaye zifikeleleke. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba uqhuba iimpawu kwaye unosuku oluxinezelekileyo, kudla kulula kunokufumana itiye elihle kwaye uphuze njengoko ugijimayo (oko kunokudala amava amnandi kwaye kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo) kunokuba uphumelele uphethiloli kwaye uhloniphe ubugcisa, nangona unokuba luncedo ngakumbi kwi-gratification yepeyinti ngaphezu kokuzonwabisa kweeyi. Maxa wambi unokuba nekhefu kuphela, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo kungcono kunanto.
Imisebenzi enenjongo efana nokuzinikela ngenjongo efanelekileyo okanye ukunceda umhlobo, ngokuqinisekileyo, kubonakala ngathi unenzuzo enkulu. U-Seligman wafumanisa ukuba ezi zinto zingathatha ubuninzi bemandla kwaye asinakuvuyoloko ngoxa umntu ebenziwayo (zinokuba ngumngeni), kodwa zizisa iziphumo ezimileyo ngokuphathelele ulonwabo jikelele kunye noxolo lwangaphakathi. I-Altruism inenzuzo eninzi kumniki-mali kunye nabamkeli. Izenzo ezifanelekileyo zimele zinganakunyuswa, ngokukodwa kuba zibonakala zigqithisa i-hedonic treadmill ngempumelelo.
Indlela yokunciphisa i-Hedonic Adaptation
Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-Hedonic yinto yobomi, kodwa xa siqaphela indlela isebenza ngayo nendlela esebenza ngayo ebomini bethu, sikwazi ukusebenzisana neendlela ezimbi kunye nokubandakanya kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo kwimiphumo yokuxhatshaza ye-hedonic treadmill . Ezi zilandelayo zindlela onokuthi uhambe kuzo kwimiphumo emingcipheko yokulungiswa kwe-hedonic kwaye uhlanganyele kwimisebenzi enokwenene inokudala inqanaba elikhulu lonwabo ebomini bakho:
- Qinisekisa ukuba ubomi bakho buquka izinto ezinandipha, kwaye uzama ukuzicwangcisa kulo lonke usuku lwakho. Fumana indebe yekhofi. Biza ukuba umhlobo ukuhleka ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba awunaso ixesha le mininzi, jonga ukuba ungayilungisa ixesha lakho ngenjongo ethile yokuzibandakanya.
- Yitshintsha iinqonwabo zakho ukuze zihlale zintsha. Kanye nje ngokuba ama-fresh sheets aziva ehle ngakumbi kunama-sheets-olds, i-rotation yezinto ezonwabileyo ziyanandipha kwaye zihlambulukile kunezinye iintsuku ezilandelanayo. (Le nto inokuba yinto eyahlukileyo xa unomdla wemisebenzi ethile, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo kuyinyani. Qaphela ukuba unomdla obuninzi kangakanani kwaye xa uya kuba nexhala kakhulu kubo kwaye uya kukwazi ukuba wenzeni.)
- Qinisekisa ukuba wenza ixesha lokuzilibazisa! Ukuba uceba iklasi kanye ngeveki, le ngenye yezona ndlela ezichanekileyo zokuzuza kwi-gratification. Ukwabelana ngezinto ozonandipha nabanye, uyifaka kwikhalenda yakho ukuze ukwazi ukuwenza ixesha, kwaye unako ukuqinisa ubuchule bakho kwaye uzibukele ukhula. Akubalulekanga ukuba yiyiphi into yokuzonwabisa; Ngethuba nje ukuba uyonwabile, uya kuzuza kuyo, kwaye ezi ntlawulo ziya kwandisa ebomini bakho bonke.
- Fumana ixesha labanye. Oku kudala intsingiselo ebalulekileyo ebomini bakho, kwaye oko kunokudala ulonwabo olukhulu. Kanye njengoko ukugcoba kungasebenza ngaphandle kwe-hedonic treadmill ngokubanzi, kwaye kunokukunceda ukwandisa amanqanaba akho okonwabileyo ngokubanzi kangangokuthi sinako ukutshintsha indlela esonwabile ngayo, izinto ezinentsingiselo zinokudala ezi nguqulelo.
- Zolisa amava akho amava. Le yindlela enhle yokunandipha ubomi obuninzi, ukwandisa okulungileyo ebomini bakho, ngaphandle kokufuna enye into ukutshintsha. Kuthatha nje ingqwalasela encinci kunye nemiphumo yezinto ezonwabileyo, ukuxhaswa kwemisebenzi, kunye nemisebenzi enentsingiselo inokwandisa. Enye indlela yokugcoba la mava kukugcina iphephancwadi malunga nokuphela kosuku, iintsuku ezimbalwa ngeveki-bhala malunga nezinto ezintathu owonandipha ngalolo suku. Emva koko uya kuba nokuxhomekeka kumava amahle njengoko ubhala ngabo, kwaye unokukwazi ukuphinde uxoxe nabo xa ufunda ngeengxelo zakho.
- Gcina iliso kwizinga lakho lonwabo. Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba unokuba nolonwabo ngakumbi, yenza ixesha lento ongayenza ukuze uphakamise umvakalelo wakho. Ukuba ufuna ukuphakanyiswa, yenza oko kukuvuyisa. Yaye ukuba unako, zama enye into entsha. Ukuba ungumntu onomdla ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kunokukunceda uzive unonwabe ngaphezu kwakho. Ukuba ungumntu ongeyonto engonwabi okanye ojongene nemingeni emininzi, le ngqalelo ngakumbi ekunciphiseni ukulungiswa kwe-hedonic ingakunceda ukuba uphile ubomi obuzalisekileyo.
ILizwi
Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-Hedonic-loo nto yokudala i-hedonic ehamba ngayo sonke-inxalenye yethu (kwaye isisigxina) kodwa sinokwandisa indlela esonwabileyo ngokusebenza ngokuzonwabisa, ukuxhaswa, kunye nemisebenzi enenjongo ebomini bethu ngokubandakanyeka ekunene imisebenzi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
> Imithombo:
> Brickman, Coates, kunye noJanoff-Bulmen. (1978). Abaphumelele iLottery kunye namaxhoba engozi: Ngaba unolonwabo? I-Journal of Persoinality Psychology.
> Davidhizar R, Vance, A. Ukufuna ukuzonwabisa. Namhlanje OKANYE UmNesi.
> Diener E, Seligman ME. > Abantu abanolonwabo kakhulu.
> Lyubomirsky S, King L, Diener E. > Iintlobo zeempembelelo ezinokuthi zithinteke rhoqo: unonwabo lukhokelela ekuphumeleleni? I-Psychological Bulletin.
> Steptoe A, Wardle J. Positive ithintela kunye nomsebenzi wezinto eziphilayo kwimihla ngemihla. Neurobiology of Age.