Ngokutsho kwengcali yeengqondo kunye nezilwalathiso zengcali, uJim Orford, izilingo ziyakwazi ukuqonda ngokugqithiseleyo njengezondlo eziye zagqithisa ngokweqhinga kwinkqubo yengqondo. Lo mbono ohluke kakhulu kumbono wendabuko wemilutha njengoko iqhutywe ngokukodwa ngumlutha otywalayo, njengotywala, i-cocaine, okanye i-heroin.
Inqubo kaJim Orford yokuqonda ukutshabalalisa yaqala ukuqala ngo-1985, kunye nokupapashwa kwencwadi yakhe yokuphulwa komhlaba, Izicelo ezigqithisileyo: I-Psychological View of Addictions. Uhlobo lwesibini lwencwadi lupapashwe ngo-2000.
I ngcamango ephambili
Ingcamango ephambili yombono kukuba ukunyanzelwa kweentlobo zezilwanyana ezinqwenelekayo, kunokuba zixhomekeke kwiziyobisi. Iintlanu eziphambili ezithandwayo kwiingcamango zisela utywala, ukugembula, ukuthatha iziyobisi, ukutya kunye nokuzilolonga. Le mizekelo ikhethwe njengemizekelo ecacileyo kunye neyona nto iboniswe kakuhle yinto yokulutha, yonke into eqhelekileyo kwaye ingabi yingxaki kubantu abaninzi, kodwa ixakeka kwaye iphazamise xa izikhonkwane ezinamandla kuzo ziphuhliswa kwiqela elincinci labantu.
Nangona iinjongo ezifunwa ngokugqithiseleyo zibona utywala kunye neziyobisi njengemilutha, zibonwa njengemizekelo yezidakamizwa, kunokuba zifake lonke iimeko zokulutha umlutha ngamnye .
Enyanisweni, ngokwale mbono, iingxaki ezinzima ezibandakanya izidakamizwa zezidakamizwa ziye zathintela ukuqonda kwethu oko kwenzeka ngokwenene nezilingo. Esikhundleni sokuba yinkqubo yokwenyama kuphela, le ngcamango ichaza umlutha njengenkqubo ephikisayo yengqondo, ebandakanya inani elininzi legalelo.
Izinto ezibandakanyekayo kwi-Theory Appetites Theory
Iingcamango zokuba izilingo zifunwa ngokugqithisileyo zihluke kwiingcamango zangaphambili ngeendlela ezimbini ezibalulekileyo. Okokuqala, umlutha uchazwa njengenkqubo enkulu yengqondo, kunokuba isifo somzimba. Okwesibini, umlutha unokuthi uphendule kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha, kungekhona nje utywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi, ezibangelwa ngumlutha.
Ukufunwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwinqaba yokulutha komzimba ngenye yeengxoxo eziqinileyo nezichanekileyo zokuba zikhona izilingo zokuziphatha , ezifana nokulutha kwengcaka, ukulutha kokutya kunye nokulutha umzimba , ezibandakanya ngokukhethekileyo kwaye zihlolisiswe kwiingcamango. Ezinye izidakamizwa zokuziphatha ezivunyelwe zibandakanya ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo, intambo ye-intanethi, umlutha weTV , umdlalo wemidlalo yemidlalo kunye nezinye iindlela zokuziphatha ezinyanzelisayo. Kwakhona uthetha ngeendlela ezinengxaki ezifana nokuthengwa kweentloba kunye nokuzonwabisa njengokuba kunokunyanzela.
Nangona kunjalo, mhlawumbi ngokumangalisa kukuba, umsunguli weengcamango, uJim Orford, wayephikisana nombono wakhe wokuxilisa ukwandisa ukuze uhlaziye umgaqo, kwaye ngoko ukunciphisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Nangona abagxeki beengcamango baye bancitshisa ingcamango kumanqanaba angabonakaliyo, njengokungathi ungayiphumeli ingcamango, isiluleko sokuba unokuba ngumlutha kwimisebenzi yansuku zonke engenayo imiphumo emibi, efana nokudlala i-tennis okanye i-crosswords, ngokuqinisekileyo ulahlekelwa ngongoma - - inqaku lonke leengcamango kukuba kukho imiphumo emibi eyenza umonakalo kumntu okanye kwabo bajikelezayo.
Umntu onomlutha angakwazi okanye angayithandi loo msebenzi, kwaye akuyithandi okanye ukuphazamiseka okwenza kube yingxaki. Kuyinto enomdla komsebenzi ukuya kwinqanaba elenza abantu babuhlungu, kodwa ke ukuziphatha kuqhubeka, nangona umntu efuna ukumisa, yile ngxaki.
> Imithombo
> Orford, J. Izicelo ezidlulileyo: Iimbono zeengqondo zengqondo. Uluhlu lwe sibini. ENew York naseLondon: iWiley.
> Orford, J. Izilwanyana njengezifiso ezigqithisileyo. Umlutha, 2001 Jan; 96 (1): 15-31.