Khawucinge ukuba uyakwazi ukufumana isitofu sokugonywa okuza kukugonywa ngokubhekiselele kwi- nicotine . Emva kokufumana uchungechunge lwezibhengezo ezikhuthaza umzimba wakho ukuba wakhe ama-antibodies ukuba i-nicotine, isitofu sokugonywa siza kunika izidakamizwa ezingekho umlutha.
Ngelixa libonakala lingafunyaniswa, isitofu esinjalo ngoku senziwa phantsi kophuhliso. Uphando olwenziwe ngabaphandi be-Nabi Biopharmaceuticals phantsi kwegama likaNicVax, uNabi wanikezelwa isibonelelo se-$ 10 yezigidi ngo-2009 yiNational Institute of Drug Abuse, inxalenye yeZizwe zeSizwe zezeMpilo ukuqhubeka phambili kunye novavanyo lokuqala lwesigaba III.
Ngelishwa, ngoJulayi ka-2011, bavakalisa iziphumo ezidakisayo, besithi isilingo sokuqala se-III siphumelelanga, kunye ne-30% yezigulane ezibona iziphumo. Ngomhla kaNovemba waloo nyaka, bavakalisa isilingo sesibini sesigaba se-III behlulekile, kunye nokugonya okungekho ngcono kune-placebo.
Njani Iimpawu zokuSebenza
Xa umntu efumana isitofu, iphetshana iqulethe enye yegciwane elijoliswe kuyo okanye ibhaktheriya kwindawo ephosakeleyo okanye efile. Emva kokufakwa emzimbeni, isistim somzimba siyaziqonda kwaye senza izifo eziza kutshabalalisa okanye ukukhubaza izifo ezihlaselayo. Ngale ndlela, umzimba ulungelelaniswe nokuhlaselwa kwegciwane eliphilayo okanye ibhaktheriya, ukuba kwenzeka.
Indlela iSitofu seNicotine esilungiselelwe ukusebenza
Iimotlekli zeNicotine zincinci kwaye zihamba ngokulula ngegazi-ingqondo yomqobo, apho zibophelela khona kwi- nicotine receptors ezenza indlela yokuvuza ebuchosheni, ukwandisa izinga le- dopamine . I-Dopamine yi- neurotransmitter ejongene nemvakalelo yolonwabo, inhlalakahle, nokuxhomekeka.
Yiyo le nkqubo ecingelwa ukuba iyona ingcambu yomlutha womzimba.
I-vaccine ye-nicotine iqeqesha umzimba ukuba ihlasele iicicin. Yenza oku ngokusebenzisa i-nicotine haptens kwi-serum. Ama-Haptens anama-molecule akhuthaza ukuveliswa kwe-antibody kunye nomtsalane xa kuhlanganiswe nama-molecule amakhulu.
Xa isitofu sokungena singena egazini nge-shot in arm, umzimba uthatha i-haptens ngokudala i-antibodies kwi-nicotine. Ama-antibodies "athabathe" iamolekyuli ye-nicotine ngokubopha nabo. Kungenxa yokuba iinqwelo-ntsholongwane (kunye ne-nicotine molecules) ezinkulu kakhulu ukuphula umthetho wegazi / ingqondo, i-nicotine ayikwazi ukuhamba kwindawo yengqondo apho ingabangela ukukhululwa kwe-dopamine.
Ngaphandle kwe-dopamine, ababhemayo abakuvuyi ukutshaya kwaye isiqhagamshelo sokuxhatshazwa komzimba siphukile.
Uphando lweNicotine lweNtsholongwane
Abaphandi kwi-Institute of Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) basebenza ekudaleni i-vaccine ye-nicotine eqinile kwaye babone izikhokelo ezikhuthazayo ukuba zihamba ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Ngokutsho koNjingalwazi weKhemistry kwi-TSRI, uKim Janda, kukho iindlela ezimbini ze-nicotine ezibonakaliso zezibuko zomnye, "i-left-handed" ne "right-handed" molecules, ukuba uya kuthanda. I-nicotine kwisigwayi iphantse ibe yinto ehlukeneyo. Isifo sokugonya sikaNicVax senziwa ngumxube we-nicotine haptens kunye ne-right hand-haptens kwaye yayingekho isitofu sokugonya.
Abaphandi be-TSRI babumba iifom ezintathu ze-vaccines: umxube we-50/50 weentlobo ezimbini ze-nicotine, kunye neentsholongwane ezichanekileyo ezichanekileyo kunye necocekileyo.
Kwiimvavanyo zelabhoratri kwiigatshi, bafumanisa ukuba umxube we-50/50 wawungama-60 ekhulwini kuphela osebenzayo njengegciwane lokusigxina.
"Oku kubonisa ukuba iigcino zekamva ziza kujolisa i-version yangasese," utshilo uJonathan Lockner ngo-2015 ukukhululwa kwiphephandaba kwiziko. I-Lockner yinkampani yophando kwi-lab yaseJanda.
Uphando luqhubeka kodwa lukhangeleka luthemba elizayo.
I-vaccine ye-nicotine, xa ivunyiwe, iya kuba yongezwa ngokubaluleka kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuyeka izibonelelo ezikhoyo namhlanje. Ngomntu wobomi olahlekelwa zizifo ezinxulumene necuba yonke imizuzwana engama-8 kwindawo ethile emhlabeni, ababhemayo badinga ukhetho oluninzi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze bancede babethe umlutha we-nicotine ngaphambi kokuba ubabethe.
Umthombo:
I-Scripps Research Institute. I-TSRI Sosayensi Yenza i-Nicotine Vaccin eVulela i-Robust Immune Response. http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2015/20150112janda.html. Finyelela ngoFebruwari 2016.
Nabi Biopharmaceuticals. I-Nabi Biopharmaceuticals iqalisa iSifundo esiPhambili seSigaba III seNicvaX njengoNcedo lokuSukuza ukuTshaya kunye nokuSithiya kwexesha elide http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=100445&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1350155&highlight=. Finyelela ngoFebruwari 2016.