I-Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) yintlupheko yesifo sengqondo, okubandakanya zombini ukuphazamiseka (okuphindaphindiweyo, okuqhubekayo, iingcamango ezingabonakaliyo, imifanekiso okanye izibongozo ezibangela ukuxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo) kunye nokunyanzeliswa (ukuziphatha okuphindaphindiweyo okanye izenzo zengqondo ezijolise ekunciphiseni okanye ukunciphisa uxhalaba okanye uxinzelelo okanye ukuthintela isiphumo esinoyikayo.)
Ziziphi iziphumo ezivayo?
Ukuqaphela, ngoko ke, iziganeko ezizimeleyo ezingafunekiyo, ezikhokelela ekungabikho nje uxhala malunga nokuphikelela kokuzikhuphaza kodwa kunye nesiphumo esisongelayo.
Iziphumo ezivayo zibandakanya ukuxhalabisa ngokubhekiselele kwiingqungquthela ezinjengezoxanduva lokuzilimaza wena okanye kwabanye, ezichazwe ngokungabikho komthetho okanye ukuziphatha okubi, okanye ukungapheleli. Ngokomzekelo, ukugwenxa ngokuphathelele ukungcola kunye nokungcola kungabangela ukwesaba okukhulu ukuba ukuba ukungcola nokungcola akunciphisi, umntu angagula okanye angafuni ukuba abanye bagule. Olu loyiko luba lukhulu kangangokuba luqhuba ukunyanzeliswa ukunciphisa ukubonakala kokulimaza nokunciphisa uxinzelelo. Kwimeko yokungcola, umntu unokukhetha ukuhlamba okanye ukucoca ukunyanzelisa ukunciphisa amathuba okuba isifo siza kwenzeka kwaye sinciphisa kakhulu uxhalaba.
Yintoni "i-OCD efanelekileyo"?
Kukho ke, i-subtype ye-OCD, apho isisombululo esinoyikayo asikho amandla. Oku kudla ngokuba kuthiwa "i-OCD nje" okanye "i-TOID". "I-TOCD ibandakanya ukunyanzeliswa okufana nokubala, ukulinganisa / ukuhlwa, ukulungiswa, ukuyalela, ukubeka indawo, ukuthintela, nokubetha.
Ku-TOCD, akukho sakhiwo sentsholongwane esinqabileyo esicatshulwayo okanye isisombululo esinoyiko, esenza ukuba ezi ziphathekayo, kodwa kunoko, ukuxhatshazwa kanzima kunye / okanye kwengqondo kwengqondo okanye ukuphazamiseka, kudla ngokuchazwa njengento engafanelekanga okanye "engalungile." Ngamanye amaxesha, uxinzelelo luye lwaphakama ngenkolelo yokuba ngaphandle kokuba ukuziphatha kuqhutywe, ukungahambi kakuhle kuya kuxoxwa kunye / okanye kungapheli.
Iimpawu zokuziphatha zenziwa ngokukhawuleza ukukhutshwa kwezi zintlungu.
Abanye baye baxela ukuba le OCD eqhutywa ngumoya iyinto efana neyendalo kwaye ingabonakala ngokugqithiseleyo ngokungafani phakathi kwe-OCD kunye nengxaki yesifundo / inkathazo kaTretrette.
Ukuvakalisa i-Tic
IiTics zizenzeke ngokukhawuleza, ngokukhawuleza, eziphindaphindiweyo, ezingenziwayo zokuziphatha iimoto (i-motor tics) okanye i-vocalizations (i-phonic tics), ezisoloko ziphambi kokuvalelwa kwe-premonitory. Olu xwebhu lwexinzelelo lukhululekile ngolu hlobo lwentetho, kufana nokutshitshisa itchki. Iimoto eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukuziphatha okufana nokukhanya kwamehlo, ukuxhatshazwa kweentloko kunye nokukhwaza kwentloko, ngelixa iifowuni eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukugqithisa umqala, ukugubha kunye nokugcoba. I-Tics inokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwimvelo, equka ukulandelana kweziphathamandla ezifana nokuthintela, ukubethelwa, nokuphindaphinda kwamagama okanye amabinzana. I-Tourette's disorder (iTrette's Syndrome [TS]) ibandakanya ubukho beemoto ezininzi kunye neyodwa okanye ngaphezulu kweefowuni (s) ngexesha le-disorder. Nangona bekuye kucatshangwa ukuba kungabalulekanga, abantu ngabanye banakho ukulawula ukukhutshwa kwexeshana kwezi ziphatha.
Iingxaki zeTic aziqhelekanga kubantu abane-OCD. I-Manual Diagnostic and Statistical of Disabilities Disorders, i-Fifth Edition (i- DSM-5 ) iindawo zokuphila kwentsholongwane yexesha elizeleyo ye-30% kubantu abane-OCD.
Ngaphezu koko, ukufundisisa ngo-2015 kwabangama-1,374 abane-TS bafumanisa ukuba i-72.1% yadibana ne-OCD okanye i-ADHD. Kwakhona kwinqaku, abantu abane-OCD abane-disorbid tic disorder bahluke ngokukodwa ngokwemiqathango yabo ye-OCD yezibonakaliso, ukuxhatshazwa, inkambo kunye nomzekelo wokutshatyalaliswa kwentsapho, kwabangenayo imbali yengxaki yesifo. Ngokombutho we-American Psychiatric Association, uphando luye lwaphakamisa ubudlelwane bezofuzo phakathi kwe-OCD kunye ne-TS kwakunye ne-hypothesized e-shared neurobiological. I-TOCD okanye "ichanekileyo" iimpawu ze-OCD, ngoko, kubonakala ngathi yinto enokuthi idibanise iimeko ezi zimbini.
Umehluko phakathi kweTics kunye ne-OCD
Ukusuka kwimbono yekliniki, ukuhlukana phakathi kwe-OCD kunye ne-tics kunokuba nzima ukuba kuqinisekiswe. Umzekelo, ukuziphatha okuchukumisayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunokubhekwa njengendlela yokuziphatha ngenxa yezinto ezifutshane, ezingenabomi; nangona kunjalo, oku kungabonakaliyo kwi-OCD ukuze ibonakale njengento yokuphindaphinda eqhutyelwa kude kube yinto "eyiyo." Ukwahlukana okunjalo, nokuba kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba kwenziwe izigqibo zonyango.
Nangona unyango olusisiseko-siseko lwe-OCD luyonyango yolwazi lokuziphatha - ukuchasana kunye nokuthintela impendulo (ERP) kunye ne-serotonin reuptake inhibitors ( iSRRIs ) ekhethekileyo , unyango olusisekelwe kwiingqinisiso zeengxaki ziyi-cognitive behavioralrapy- njengokungenelela kokuziphatha kwengqondo kwi-tic [CBIT]) kunye ne-neuroleptic ne-alpha 2 agonists.
Ngaloo ndlela, ngokuqwalasela i-TOCD (enokuba yinto enzima ukuyiphatha kune-"classic" ye-OCD) njengento esele ikhona ekugqithweni kwezi zimbini iziphazamiso zingabonakali kuphela ngqalelo kwimfuno yokuvavanya ngokuzenzekelayo kuzo zonke iziganeko ezinokuthi zenzeke kwi-spectrum kodwa unokufumana ezinye iindlela zokunyanga. I-Psychotherapeutically, ezi zimpawu ziphathwa ngokuthe ngqo nge-ERP kunye nokuzibandakanya ukuziphatha "ngendlela engalunganga", ngelixa izixhobo zakwa-HRT / CBIT, ezinjengeendlela zokwenza izinto zengqondo kunye nokuphefumula ngokunyamezelayo kunceda ekunciphiseni ukuxhatshazwa kwendawo. I-Pharmacologically, aba bantu banokufumana inzuzo kwi-dose neuroleptic okanye i-alpha 2 agonist yokunyuka kwama-SSRI, kunokuba kuboniswe i-OCD. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuqwalasela ukudibanisa i-OCD kunye ne-tics kungayenza ngcono ukuqonda nokunyanga.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities Disorders, Uhlobo lwesihlanu. 5th. IWashington, DC: Umbutho wama-American Psychiatric; 2013: 251-4.
> Leckman, JF, Grice, DE, Barr, LC, de Vries, ALC, Martin, C., Cohen, DJ, McDougle, CJ, Goodman, WK kunye neRasmussen, SA (1994), i-Tic ehlobene ne-non-tic -ngxaki yokunyanzelisa ingxaki. Ukuxhalabisa, 1: 208-215.
> Mansueto, CS & Keuler, DJ (2005). Tic okanye ukunyanzeliswa? Ukuguqulwa kokuziphatha, 29 (5): 784-799.