Igama lokudandatheka lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza imida engabonakaliyo yeempawu. Kodwa, ukuxinezeleka okubalulekileyo kwimizimba ehlukeneyo. Ibhekisela kwimpawu eziye zafikelela kumda othile oza kufaneleka umntu ukuba ahlaziye ngokusemthethweni ukuxinezeleka.
Ukuze uhlangabezane nemigqaliselo yokudakumba okukhulu kliniki, inqanaba lomntu ngamnye loxinzelelo kufuneka lonakalise ukusebenza kwansuku zonke.
Akufani nokuhla okanye ukuziva uhlungu.
Ngabe Ingxaki Yengqondo Yokliniki Yibaluleke Kangakanani?
Inkqubo yesifo sengqondo kunye nokubaluleka kweklinikhi isetyenziswe yiNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities ( DSM ). Yonke imbalwa embalwa, i-DSM ihlaziywa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imigaqo yokunyanzeliswa kwezibilini ezincinci.
I-DSM-III inomlinganiselo obanzi wovavanyo lokugula ngengqondo. Ngoko, ngo-2000, i-DSM-IV, yongezwa "yinkxalabo enkulu kunye nokuphazamiseka" kwindlela yokuxilonga ngayo yonke ingxaki yengqondo.
Ngokudibanisa "uxinzelelo olusisigxina kunye nokuphazamiseka," iqela labaqeqeshi abafaka isandla kwi-DSM bafuna ukunciphisa ukuxilongwa kweengxaki ezahlukeneyo ezingqondweni kubantu abangabonakali nje iimpawu, kodwa iimpawu zabo zenza ingxaki enkulu ebomini babo.
Kwinguqulo entsha ye-DSM, i- DSM-5 eyakhishwa ngo-2013, imilinganiselo yokubaluleka kwekliniki eqhutywe.
Abahleli bathatha inqubo yokuxilonga inyathelo eliqhubekayo ngokungongeza amanyathelo obunzima. Ngokufaka amanyathelo obunzima, abahleli be-DSM-5 bawulungiselele imigaqo yokuxilonga kwaye baxhomekeke kunyango kunye neziphumo.
Usizi ngokumalunga noxinzelelo olusisigxina
Wonke umntu uziva ehla ngamanye amaxesha kwaye izihlandlo zokudabuka ziqhelekile.
Kodwa, abantu abaneenkxalabo ezibangela ukudandatheka okwenyuka kancinci, bekuncipha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yabo, kunye nezinye iimpawu kumanqanaba abo okuzama ukukwenza.
Ngoko umntu osiziyo aqhubeke eqhuba umsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle kombambano kwaye ngubani ohlala ngaphandle kweengxaki mhlawumbi akayi kuhlangana nomda. Kodwa, umntu olahlekelwa kwiiklasi zeekholeji kuba akakwazi ukuphuma ebhedeni okanye umntu owela emva komsebenzi ngenxa yokuba akanako ukugxininisa, unokufumana uxinzelelo olunzulu lwezempilo.
Iimpawu zexinzelelo ezinzulu zenyango ziyaqhubeka. Umntu oziva ehla emva kwemini okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa akayi kuhlangabeza umlinganiselo wokuxilongwa ekudakaleni okukhulu kliniki ukuba iimpawu ziyazisombulula. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ziqhubeka kwiiveki ezimbini okanye zide kwaye zimelela utshintsho olukhulu oluvela kumsebenzi owedlule, umntu unokufumana uxinzelelo olukhulu lwezonyango.
Ukwahlula intlungu ekudakaleni okukhulu kunokuba kunzima ngamanye amaxesha. Nangona bahluke omnye komnye, banokuhlala kunye.
Ukulandela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, kulindeleke ukuba umntu abe nolusizi olukhulu kunye neempawu ezininzi zokudandatheka klinikhi.
Ngexesha, nangona kunjalo, iimpawu kufuneka ziphucule. Ukuba abaphuculanga, umntu osiziyo unokuthi ufumane ukuxinezeleka okukhulu klinikhi.
Umntu onempawu ezingabalulekiyo kwiiklinikhi unokusasazeka. Kodwa abanako ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokudabuka kwengxaki.
Ukudabuka kunokusombulula ngokwakho ngexesha okanye ngokuxhaswa ngabahlobo kunye nosapho lomntu. Ingaphuthuka kwiinkxalabo ezibalulekileyo zonyango kunye kwaye inokufuna unyango lobugcisa.
Ukwanda koxinzelelo
Ukudandatheka akusona uphawu lobuthathaka. Nabani na onokujamelana nokudakumba okukhulu kwezempilo kwiyiphi na ibakala lobomi.
I-World Health Organisation iqikelela ukuba abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 emhlabeni jikelele banokudandatheka. Uqikelelo lwama-6.7 ekhulwini labantu abadala eUnited States baye babhekana nesigxina esikhulu sokudandatheka ngexesha elithile kunyaka odlulileyo.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba abantwana abayizigidi ezi-3 abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-12 kunye ne-17 e-United States baye bafumana ubuncinane isiqhelo esicinezelayo sonyaka odlulileyo. Abantwana abaninzi abanenkxalabo abazange baphathwe njengokuba iimpawu zihlala zingabonakaliswa kubantwana.
Iintlobo zeeNkxwaleko eziBalulekileyo
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokudakumba ezingafaniyo ngexesha, ixesha, izizathu ezicingelwayo, okanye zibandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempawu. Unyango lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo luyahlukahluka. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo ezikwahlula kwi-DSM-5 njengengxaki yokudandatheka.
- Ingxaki yokuphazamiseka kwemizwa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ifunyaniswe kubantwana kwaye iquka ukuqhuma komsindo, umsindo kunye nokukhubeka.
- Ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka idinga iiveki ezimbini zokudakumba okanye ukulahlekelwa ngumdla malunga nayo yonke imisebenzi, ngaphezu kwezinye iimpawu zokudandatheka.
- Ingxaki yokuhlala ecinezelekileyo ingapheli kwaye ingaphelela iminyaka emibili okanye ngaphezulu.
- I-Premenstrual disysstric disorder iquka iimpawu ezixhalabisayo eziqala ngokukhawuleza ngaphambi kokuqala kweementi kwininzi yexesha lokuya esikhathini.
> Imithombo:
> Ukunyanzeliswa kunye nezinye izifo zengqondo eziqhelekileyo: Ukulinganiswa kwezeMpilo kwihlabathi jikelele . I-Geneva: Umbutho WezeMpilo Wehlabathi; 2017.
> Mojtabai R, Olfson M, Han B. iNational Trends in the Prevalence and Treatment of Depress in Adolescents and Young Adult. Pediatrics . 2016; 138 (6).
> Uphando lweSizwe luqinisekisa ukuba ulutsha aluchaphazeleka ngokuchaphazelekayo ngenxa yeengxaki zeengqondo. ISiko leSizwe seMpilo yengqondo. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/news/science-news/2010/national-survey-confirms-that-youth-are-disproportionally-affected-by-disorders.shtml