Iingcali zengqondo zivavanya njani i-Babies 'Depth Perception
I-cliff ebonakalayo ibandakanya ukubonakala okubonakalayo, kodwa kungekhona okwehla kwangoku kusuka komnye ukuya komnye, okwenziwe ekuqaleni ukuvavanya ukuqonda kwengqondo yabantwana. Yadalwa ngokuxhuma ubuso beglasi ebonakalayo kwi-opaque surface surface. Umgangatho ongezantsi unomzekelo ofana nomhlaba opaque. Esi sixhobo senza umonakalo obonakalayo weentlanzi ngelixa ukhusela isifundo kwingozi.
Imbali ye-Visual Cliff
Ukuze uphande uphando olujonge, i-psychologists i-EJ Gibson kunye ne-RD Walk yavelisa uvavanyo lweefowuni ezibonakalayo ukusetyenziswa kunye neentsana zabantu kunye nezilwanyana. Uphando lwangaphambili lwaluveze ukuba iintsana ziya kuphendula kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo ngaphambi kokuba zikwazi ukukhahlela.
Izibongo zivumela abantu ukuba bafumane ubunzulu kwizinto ezibonakalayo. Ezi zinokubandakanya zombini iingqungquthela zesigxina ezifana nobukhulu obuqingqiweyo kunye nokugqithwa, okanye iingcamango zebinocular ezifana nokungafani kwe-retinal. I-Gibson no-Walk babenomdla nokuba ngaba umntwana angakwazi ukuqonda ubunzulu ukuziphatha okufundiweyo okanye ukuba ngaba, njengokuba babecinga ukuba bangenangqondo.
I-Gibson no-Walk bachaza iifowuni zabo ezibonakalayo njengefayile enkulu yePlexiglass exhasayo inyawo okanye ngaphezulu ngaphezulu.
Ngakwelinye icala leglasi, isicatshulwa esiphakanyiswayo esiphezulu sinyanzeliswe ngokubhekiselele ngaphantsi kweglasi ukwenzela ukuba iglasi ibonakale iqinile. Izinto ezifanayo zibekwe phantsi phantsi kweglasi, ukudala imbonakalo yecala.
Oku kwavumela abaphandi ukuba bavavanye ukuqonda kwezingane ngelixa beqinisekisa ukukhuselwa kwezifundo zabo ezincinci.
Uvavanyo lweNtshontsho yeNtsana yeVukani
Ekuvavanyeni, umntwana usekwe ekupheleni kwesigqeba kwaye umnakekeli umele ngaphesheya kwendawo ecacileyo. Ukucinga ukuba ukuba umntwana wayesebenze ukuqonda ngokucacileyo, uya kuba nokuqonda i-cliff ebonakalayo kwaye angayiba okanye afune ukukhwela kumnakekeli.
Kwaye kwacatshulwa ukuba iintsana ezingasenalo ukuqonda ngokucacileyo ziya kukhwela ngokunyanisekileyo kubanakekeli babo ngaphandle kokubona ukuwa kwebonakalayo.
UGibson aze ahambe ekugqibeleni ukuba ubuchule bokubona ubunzulu buvela kwithuba elithile malunga nexesha lokuba umntwana uqala ukukhahlela. Ukwesaba iindawo eziphakamileyo, bacebisa ukuba, into efundwe kamva kwasebuntwaneni njengenzuzo yokufumana ama-bumps, scrapes, kunye nokuwa.
Ukuqonda i-Visual Cliff
Ekuqaleni, izazi zengqondo zazikholelwa ukuba ukuqonda kwendawo ebonakalayo yinkcazo yayiyinkalo yokukhula komzimba nokubonakalayo. Iintsana zinokubona umahluko phakathi kweenyanga ezili-8, ngelixa abantwana abasebancinci abanengqondo encinci bebengakwazi ukubona i-cliff.
Ngenxa yokuba abantwana abaneminyaka engama-6 banokukhwabaniswa ukuba bajonge ngaphesheya kwinqanaba elibonakalayo, ngelixa abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-10 benqabile ukuwela umda, bekucingelwa ukuba abantwana abancinci bebengakhange bavelise ingcamango yenkcazo xa abantwana bekhulile.
Uphando oluthile, nangona kunjalo, luye lwabonisa ukuba abantwana abancinci njengeenyanga ezi-3 banako ukuqonda i-cliff ebonakalayo. Xa bebekwe phezu kwe "intambo" ebonakalayo, iirhafu zabo zentliziyo zikhawuleza, amehlo avule, kwaye ukunyuka kwamazinga kuya kukhula. Ngoko ukuba ezi ziintsana ziyakwazi ukubona i-cliff ebonakalayo, kutheni ukuba zikulungele ukukhahlela kwizinto ezibonakala ngathi ziwa phantsi ngqo?
Umbango kukuba abantwana beli lizwe abaqapheli ngokugcwele ukuba umphumo wokuhamba kule ndawo yokubonakalayo iyakwazi ukuwa. Oku kuqonda kuphela kuza kamva xa umntwana eqala ukukhahlela kwaye azuze amava okwenene ngokuthwala.
Imbekiselo:
Campos, JJ, et al. (1978). Ukuvela kokwesaba kwi-cliff ebonakalayo. KuMichael Lewis noLeonard A. Rosenblum (Eds.). Uphuhliso oluchaphazelayo. ENew York: iPlenum.
Gibson, EJ & Walk, RD (uEpreli 1960). "I-Visual Cliff". Scientific American.