Igama elithi 'ukufundiswa kwempilo' lithetha ngolwazi kunye neenkolelo malunga nemicimbi yezempilo; Ukufunda nokufunda impilo ephezulu kukuguqula ukukwazi ukukhusela, ukuqonda nokulawula iingxaki zempilo. Ukufunda nokubhala ngezempilo yengqondo yinto ehambelana nayo, ngokubhekiselele kokwazi, iinkolelo kunye nemibono malunga nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
Ukufunda ukufunda impilo yengqondo yintloko ebalulekileyo xa ifika kwiingxaki ezinjengeenkxwaleko kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa.
Ezi zigaba zibini zeziphazamiso ziphakathi kweentlobo eziqhelekileyo zokugula kwengqondo, kunye nezona zibiza kakhulu.
Ukuxhalabisa Okuqhelekileyo
Kwimeko yeengxaki ezixhalabileyo ezifana nesifo esixhalabisayo (GAD), abantu badla ngokukhawuleza ekufuneni unyango. Olunye uphando luchaza ukuba ngelixa abantu abangama-86% abanama-GAD bafuna unyango ngethuba lokuphila kwabo; kuphela enye yesithathu yenza njalo ngonyaka wokuqala wokuqala. Ezi zilibaziseko zinokudityaniswa kwabanye kwimiphumo embi, kwaye kwimeko yabantu abatsha abanenkxalabo, ukunyuka kweempawu ezisuka kwiikliniki ukuya kwiimeko zekliniki .
Ukunciphisa ekufuneni unyango kunokuthi kubangelwa (1) ukugxekwa ngokugula kwengqondo, (2) ukufikelela ngokusesikweni kwizibonelelo zonyango, okanye (3) ukuqheleka kweempawu. Ngethamsanqa, i-stigma yokugula kwengqondo kunye nokunyango lwabo unyango luphucula kancane ( ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala ). Ukongezelela, utshintsho kwinkqubo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo yase-United States (ngokukhawuleza) ukuphucula ukufikelela kunye nokubonelelwa kwenkathalo.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuqheleka kweempawu - ukubona iimpawu ezinxulumene nexhala ukuba zingabi yingxaki kunokuba zinyani-zihlala ziyingxaki eyinkimbinkimbi yokusombulula. Ngenxa yokuba uxhalaba luyimvakalelo eqhelekileyo kunye nesimo semvelo sokuguquguquka kwezinto eziphilayo , kunzima kakhulu ukuphazamisa iintlobo zezididi, ukuxhalabisa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimeko yokukhathazeka kunye nokuphazamiseka komzimba.
Ukunciphisa i-Gap eMfundweni yezeMpilo yengqondo
Kodwa isifundo esashicilelwe kwiNcwadi yeMpilo yengqondo yengqondo kwimpilo yengqondo yokufunda ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki ibonelela ubungqina obufanelekileyo bokuthi ukunciphisa i-gap ekufundeni kwezempilo yengqondo kwi-GAD kuyimfuneko. Kulolu cwaningo, iifignettes eziqingqiweyo ezibonisa abantu abaneengcipheko ezincinci / ezincinci, iimeko ezixhasayo, kunye neengxaki ezinzulu ze-GAD, ukukhathazeka kweentlalo kunye nokukhathazeka okukhulu kunikezelwe kubantu abadala abangama-270 kunye nabagadi beengcali ezimbini (ababenokuqeqeshwa okubanzi kwiintlibano zodliwano-ndlebe zeengxaki zokukhathazeka ).
Iziphumo eziphambili zezi zifundo zi:
- Iingcali ezingabonakaliyo zibonwa ngumbono ophantsi / ophantsi kwamacandelo kunye neemeko ezixhasayo zengxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo ukuba ibe nzima kakhulu kunokuba i-raters ingcali.
- Kwi-GAD, into ebaluleke kakhulu yokubaluleka kwabathathi-nxaxheba abangenalo oyingcali xa kuthelekiswa neengcali zenzeke kuwo onke amanqanaba - omnene / obuncancinci, onokulinganisela, kwaye onzima.
- Zonke izibande zengxaki enkulu yokudandatheka zagqitywa ngabathathi-nxaxheba xa kuthelekiswa nabalinganiswa beengcali. Ngokwababhali bokufunda, oku kunokuthetha ukuba iinzame zokwazisa malunga nokudakumba kuluntu jikelele ziphumelele.
Ukuqheleka kweempawu kunokubonakalisa ukukhanyela ukungathí sina kwabo okanye ukungabi nolwazi malunga namanqaku obunzima.
Kwimeko apho, ukuphucula ulwazi malunga neengxaki zokuxhalabisa kunye nobuhlungu obuyingozi kunokunceda.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi malunga neempawu zokuxhalaba kunye nobukhulu:
- Funda ngeendlela ezithile zokwahlula phakathi "kokuqhelekileyo" kunye nokuxhalabisa ngokweqile .
- Funda malunga nenqobo yenkxalabo ethile yokuxhalaba, njengengxaki ye-GAD okanye ingxaki yoluntu .
- Isikrini, okanye ilungu lentsapho, usebenzisa izixhobo eziku-intanethi njengalezo zibonelelwa nguMbutho wokuxhalabisa kunye nokuPhepha kweMelika (uthathe imibuzo ethile ye-GAD) okanye neminye imithombo ehloniphekileyo. Ezi zixhobo ziza kukukhonza ngokusemgangathweni xa zisetyenziselwa ukubonisana nengxoxo kunye nodokotela wakho okanye uchwepheshe wezempilo yengqondo. Phrinta iziphumo zakho uze ubazise ukuxubusha kwi-aphoyintimenti yakho ezayo.
- Zihlolisise ngemibuzo ebuzwe kwiimpawu ezithandwayo zokuzixhalabisa, ezifana ne -Generalized Disxiety Disorder Screener -7 (GAD-7 ). Le mibuzo - kunye neempendulo zabo - inokubonelela ngokubanzi ngokubanzi malunga neempawu. Ukuze ufunde okungakumbi malunga nendlela abaye bafumana ngayo nendlela yokuyichaza iziphumo, kucetyiswa ukuba bafune ukubonisana nomboneleli wezempilo.
> Imithombo :
> Paulus DJ, Wadsworth LP, & Hayes-Skelton SA. (2015). Ingqondo yokufunda nokubhala nokukhathazeka kokukhathazeka: indlela iimpawu zesibindi ezinokuthi zingabandakanya ngayo ukuqonda ukukhathazeka kwengqondo. Umbhalo WezeMpilo Zengqondo Zomphakathi , 14 (2): 94-106.
> Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, & Lowe B. (2006). Umlinganiselo omfutshane wokuvavanya ingxaki yokukhathazeka jikelele: i-GAD-7. Iingxelo zoLondolozo lweMpilo zangaphakathi , 166 (10): 1092-1097.
> Wang PS, Berglund P, Olfson M, Pincus HA, Wells KB, & Kessler RC. (2005). Ukungaphumeleli nokulibaziseka ekuqhagamshelaneni kokuqala kwonyango emva kokuqala > ukuqala kwengxaki yengqondo kwi-National Comorbidity Survey Replication. IiNgcaciso zeeNgcaciso zengqondo, 62 (6): 603-613.