Ulwaphulo-nxamnye noTywala lweeNdakamizwa lunokukunceda njani ukuphula uMthetho
Kulabo bazama ukuphula umkhuba wokusetyenziswa kotywala , iziyobisi zonyango zinganceda.
Ngo-2006, abaphandi baseJamani batyathelisa uphando oluthe lwafumana izidakamizwa zokunqanda utywala okanye ulwaphulo-nxamnye no-Antabuse (disulfiram) kunye ne-Temposil (calcium carbimide).
Nangona i-Antabuse ibilokhu ithathwa njengonyango oluqhelekileyo kunyango lokusetyenziswa kotywala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, namhlanje kudlalwa indawo okanye ihamba kunye neziyobisi ezitsha, ngokukodwa ukuhlanganiswa kweRevia okanye iVivitrol (naltrexone) neCampral (acamprosate), ukusebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo kunye nekhempi yengqondo.
Uninzi oluqhelekileyo lusetyenziselwa iziyobisi ezinxilisayo kotshwala namhlanje
I-Revia kunye neVivitrol inokukunceda ukunciphisa ukusela okunxilisayo nokuphuza utshwala, ngelixa i-Campral inokuba luncedo ngakumbi ekukhuthazeni ukuziyeka.
U-Revia kunye nomsebenzi wokuVivitrol kwingqondo ukunciphisa "ukuziva kakuhle" imiphumo ye-opiate. Ngenxa yoko, iziyobisi ziboniswe ukunciphisa inani kunye nexesha lokusela. Akubonakali ukutshintsha ipesenti yabantu abaselayo. Kubonakala kunciphisa umnqweno wotywala.
Amachiza eCraral angasebenzela kangcono ukuphelisa ukusela ngokubanzi kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu zokuyeka ukuphuza utshwala ngokuzinzisa ukulinganisela kwamakhemikhali kwingqondo. Izifundo zifumanisa ukuba iCampral isebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngokudibanisa nokucebisa kwaye kunokuncedisa ukunciphisa ukusela nokunceda umntu ayeke ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuxilongwa kunye nokuyeka ukusela ngaphambi kokuba unyango lubonakalise ukunyusa iziphumo zeziyobisi kwaye wenze unyango luphumelele.
Olongezelelweyo malunga noFundo lukaJamani luka-2006
Uvavanyo lwesithuba se-9 lwe-Antabuse neSemposil lukhokelwa nguHannelore Ehrenreich, intloko ye-clinical neuroscience kwi-Max-Planck-Institute of Medicine Experiment in Germany.
Olu pho nonongo lujolise ngakumbi kwimiphumo yengqondo yonyango lwangexesha elide kunokuba iziphumo zeziyobisi ziyimiphumo. Zomibini izidakamizwa zisetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ngaphesheya kwe-United States.
Ezi zombini iziyobisi zingabangela iziphumo ezimbi emzimbeni xa utywala lubonakala. Zingenza ube nomuva "omkhulu" emva kokuphuza utswala, kunye neempawu ezinzima ezifana nokuhlanza okuqhubekayo, ukunyamezela intloko, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula, kunye nokukhathazeka kwentliziyo, kunye nezinye iimpawu ezingathandekiyo.
"Sifumene nesantya sokungabikho kwamaphesenti angama-50 phakathi kwezigulane ezifundwe," kusho uEhrenreich. "Ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kulungelelaniswe nezigulane ezithe zahlala ezinxilweni zotywala ngaphezu kweenyanga ezingama-20 xa kuthelekiswa nezigulane eziye zaphelisa ukutya kwiinyanga ezili-13 ukuya kwezi-20."
Ingqondo yengqondo ekuthinteni
Abaphandi baseJamani bathi inxaxheba yengqondo yokuba izidakamizwa zokulwa notywala zingadlala ekuncedeni ukukhusela ukukhusela i-theory yabo eyenza ukuba ixesha elide lokuziyeka lifumane iziyobisi likhokelela kumkhwa wokuziyeka.
Kutheni i-Anti-Alcohol yobisi yeziyobisi
Izidakamizwa zokulwa notywala zicacile ukuba zinciphise ukusetyenziswa kotywala. Abaphandi baseJamani baqhathanisa izidakamizwa zokulwa notywala ukukhawuleza (i-traffic) ikhamera.
"Siyazi ukuba iikhamera ezingasebenziyo ziyanqanda kodwa kuphela kubaqhubi abakwaziyo ukuba bangasebenzi ngaphandle kokuba bavavanye." Kwiimeko zombini, abantu banqabile ukwenza ukuzama, "kusho uEhrenreich.
Isixa sesikhathi eside
Ubunxila obuninzi buyisimo esingapheliyo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwakhona. Abaphandi bacetyisa ukuba unyango lwangexesha elide elilandelwa ziiseshoni zokujonga ixesha elide kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba ekuzibandakanyeni kweqela kukukhokelela ekuhlaleni.
> Imithombo:
> Krampe H, Stawicki S, Wagner T, et al. (NgoJanuwari 2006). "Ukulandelelwa kwezigulane ezingama-180 ezidakayo kwaze kwafika iminyaka engama-7 emva kokuba unyango lwabaphulukiyo: Impembelelo yoTywala kwi-Output." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando . 30 (1): 86-95.
> I-Maisel N, iBlodgett J, iWilbourne P, i-Humphreys K, i-Finney J. > I-Meta-Uhlalutyo lwe-Naltrexone kunye ne-Acamprosate ngokuPhatha ukuTywala kweziTywala zokuSebenzisa ukuTywala: Ziziphi iilwimi eziNcedo ngakumbi? > Umlutha . 2013 Feb; 108 (2): 275-293.