Indlela yokuziphatha engumntu omncinane
Phakathi kwezinto ezincinci eziziwayo kunye nokufunda okungekho ngaphantsi kwezifundo zokukhubazeka ziyaziwa ngokuba ukuhlafuna nokutshiza . Lo msebenzi uqule ukutya kokutya, ngokuqhelekileyo ukutya okunomdla kakhulu kunye namandla amakhulu, kwaye uyasiphalaza ngaphambi kokugwinya. Injongo yendlela yokuziphatha kukunandipha ukunambitha kokutya ngelixa ukukhusela ukungena kweekhalori. Ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza kufana nokufana nokuzibandakanya kubangelwa ukuba kudla imali ephezulu yokutya kweekhalori kunokuba kuhlosiwe, kodwa kuyafana nokutya okunqandekileyo ekungeneni ukuba ukutya akutshitshisi.
Ukuhlafuna nokuPhalaza kwi-DSM-5
Ekuqaleni, ukuphalaza kwakucingelwa ukuba yindlela enye yokuhlanza , ngoko ke yafundiswa ikakhulukazi kwabasetyhini abane- bulimia nervosa . Kwimpcazo yangaphambili ye- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), ukuhlafuna nokutshiza kwakucatshulwa njengempawu ebalulekileyo yokutya kwesifo ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngenye indlela (EDNOS), apho kwi- DSM-5 ithathelwe indawo yoluhlu lweminye echazwe ukondla kunye nokutya kwesifo (OSFED ).
Nangona kunjalo, i-DSM-5 ayibhalisi ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza phantsi kweyiphi na ingxaki esisodwa kuba ngoku kuyaqaphela ukuba ukuziphatha kungenzeka kuzo zonke izifo zokuxilonga izifo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokuboniswa zizigulane ezifunyanwe ne- anorexia nervosa , i-bulimia nervosa, okanye enye into echaziweyo yokutya. Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuba kuvela kwiirhafu eziphakamileyo phakathi kwabantu abaye bafumana unyango lwe-bariatric, ukukhula kwabantu.
Uphando malunga nokuCoca nokuPhalaza
Enye yeengxelo zokuqala zepapasho (iDe Zwaan, 1997) yokuziphatha okuchazwe ngumfazi oneminyaka engu-19 ubudala ene-anorexia ehamba kunye nokuhlafuna nokutshiza:
Wayechitha iiyure kwindlu yokuhlambela okanye atshabalalisa ukutya kwiingxowa zomthwalo, kokubili ekhaya nangona ehamba ngezitalato. Ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza kuye kwafikelela kwiiyure ezingama-6 imihla ngemihla, kumthintela ekufundeni nasekuhlaleni. Unina wagxininisa ekudleni kwentsapho imihla ngemihla. Njengoko kwimihla yakhe ye-anorectic, wayephumelele ukufihla ukutya kwisitya sakhe kwiipokethi zakhe naphantsi kwetafile ngaphandle kokuba abazali bakhe bayiqaphele. Wayenentloni kakhulu ngokuziphatha kwakhe kwaye ekuqaleni akazange avume nokuba akhulume ngawo, nokuba ngumntu ngamnye okanye kwipilisi.
Uphando lokutshiza nokuphalaza lukhulu. Ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza kudla ngokuqhagamshelana neminye imithintelo yokutya yokuphazamiseka kwezifo (ezifana nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweepilisi, ukuthintela kokutya kunye nokuzivocavoca ngokweqile ) kunokuba kube neendlela zokuzibamba / ukuzihlambulula. Indlela yokuziphatha ihamba rhoqo yaye inokuthi idibene ne-psychopathology enkulu.
Ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza kudibaniswa kunye nempawu ezinzima zokutya kunye nokuzibulala. Abantu abahlafunayo kunye nabachaphazelayo, ngokumalunga nezinye izigulane ezineengxaki zokutya ezingakhange zihlakulele kwaye zichithe, zifumana amanqaku aphezulu kwiimpawu zemizimba yomzimba, ukukhathazeka ngesimo kunye nesisindo, ukuxinezeleka, ukuxhalaba nokuziphatha okunyanzelisayo.
Phakathi kwezidlo zokugula izidumbu ezivunyelwe kwisimo sokuziphatha, isifo sengqondo esibhedlele, kunye nesikhokelo sokunakekelwa kwezibhedlele ekudleni izidlo ezivuma ukuthatha inxaxheba kwisifundo sikaGalda kunye noogxa, ama-34 ekhulwini avunyelwe ubuncinane esinye isiqendu sokutshiza nokuphalaza ngenyanga ngaphambi kokungeniswa, kwaye Amaphesenti angama-19 abikwa ukuba ngabaqhekeza / abaphalaza abahlala beziphatha ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngeveki. Kuhlolisiso lwezigulana zaseKorea ezinezifo zokutya, iipesenti ezingama-25 zenza ukuhlafuna nokutshiza. Ukuqhathaniswa kokutshiza nokutshiza ukutya kuye kwaqikelelwa ukuba malunga neepesenti ezingama-31 zezigulane zonyango.
Kwiphepha labo, uGalda kunye noogxa baxela ukuba "Nangona behlukeneyo kwintetho, ukuziphatha kuchazwa njengoko kuqhutywe kwaye kucetyiswa kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kubandakanywa neemvakalelo zokulahlekelwa kolawulo. Njengokuba kuninzi ukutya kokuphazamiseka kwezifo, ukunyuka kwayo kungakhokelela ekukhutshweni kweentlalo, ukunyaniseka kokutya okunzulu, ukuzithiba, ukuthobeka, nokuzisola. Kubantu abahlakulelayo baze bachithe inani elikhulu lokutya kwansuku zonke, ubunzima bezezimali bunokuba ngumphumo obalulekileyo. "
Ukuhlafuna nokuPhalaza: Umbono weMonde
Ukuphononongwa kwezifundo zokuhlafuna nokuphalaza kubonisa ukuba ukuziphatha kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokulawula ubunzima kwaye "yayihlala ihambelana nemvakalelo engathandekiyo njengokuzihlambalaza, ukuzisola, kunye neentloni, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba ingakhathazeki kakhulu kunokuba iguqulwe kwaye ihlambuluke . "
Kwiindawo eziku-intanethi, izigulane ezihlakulelayo kwaye zikhawuleza zibika kakhulu iintloni malunga nokuziphatha. Kukwachazwa njengendlela yokuziphatha eqhutyelwa kwaye iyanyanzelekile kwaye nzima kakhulu ukuyeka. Kukho mfihlelo omkhulu ekuziphatheni kunye nalabo ababandakanya ukuhlafuna nokutshiza bangaba yedwa kuba bazama ukufihla.
Iziphumo zezoPhulo zoKuhla nokuCoca
Ngelixa libonakala lifana nesifo esibalulekileyo, ingakumbi xa kuthelekiswa nokuhlanza, iziphumo zokutshiza nokuphalaza ziba nzima kakhulu. Iimpawu zifana nezo zifumaneka ngokuhlanza kwi-bulimia nervosa kwaye zingaquka:
- izilonda ezinokubonakala zikhukhumele
- izilonda zesisu
- iingxaki zamazinyo ezinjengeentambo kunye nokubola kwezinyo
- ukungalingani kwemimoni
Ukujongana nalezi zimpawu zonyango kufuna ukuyeka ukuziphatha. Ukuxinwa okufudumayo kunye neengcezu ze-tart zinganceda ukubonelela ukukhulula kweengqungquthela zokuvuvukala. Izigulana kufuneka zibone ugqirha kunye nodokotela wamazinyo ukuba axoxe ngeendlela ezinokuthi zonyango ezinokwenyama, i-hormonal, kunye namazinyo.
Ukuvavanya nokuPhatha ukuHlola nokuPhalaza
Ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza akuqhelekanga ukuba kuhlolwe ngabaqeqeshi, kwaye abathengi banganqabika ukuyibika ngenxa yokuhlazeka ngokuziphatha.
Uncinci kwiinkonzo zonyango ngokubhekiselele ekutshekeni nasekutshatheni. I-Psychotherapy kunye nonyango lokutya okunokutya kwizigulane ezineengxaki zokutya ezihlakulelayo nokuphalaza kufuneka zijongane nokuqheleka kokuziphatha kokutya ngokufumana ukutya okuqhelekileyo. Izicwangciso zengqondo zokuziphatha ezinceda ekujongeni ukuhlafuna nokutshiza ziquka ukuvuma iimvakalelo, inselele kwimithetho yokutya, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwengqondo, kunye nokusebenza kokunyuka kokuguquguquka.
Iingcebiso kumalungu omndeni
Ukuba ilungu lakho lentsapho libonisa iimpawu zesifo sokutya, unokufuna ukujonga iimpawu zokuhlafuna nokutshiza. Iimpawu ezichanekileyo zokutshiza nokutshiza zingabandakanya:
- iimpawu zokuhlakulwa kodwa ukutya okungenakugqithiselwa kwigumbi, kwindawo yokuhlambela, okanye kwindawo yokuhlamba
- bedla ngasese okanye ngaphandle kwendlu
- ukuziphatha okuyimfihlo ekudleni
- kudana ngokutya
Ukuba wena (okanye umntu owaziyo) ukuhlafuna nokutshiza, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo kumfundi owazi kakuhle izidlo zokutya.
> Imithombo:
> Aouad, P., Hay, P., Soh, N., & Touyz, S. (2016). Chew and Spit (CHSP): uhlaziyo oluchanekileyo. Umbhalo weengxaki zokutya , 4 , 23. https://doi.org/ 10.1186 / s40337-016-0115-1
> Conceição, EM, Utzinger, LM, & Pisetsky, EM (2015). Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunye neengxaki zokutya ezidlulileyo Ngaphambi nangemva kokugqithiswa kweBatriric: Ubungqina, uVavanyo kunye noMbutho kunye neziPhumo zonyango. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-European Eating Disorders Review: I-Journal of the Disorders Association , 23 (6), 417-425.
> De Zwaan, M. (1997). Ukuhlafuna nokutshiza ukutya kwindawo yokutya. I-International Journal ye-Psychiatry kwi-Clinical Practice , 1 (1), 37-38.
> Guarda, AS, Coughlin, JW, Cummings, M., Marinilli, A., Haug, N., Boucher, M., & Heinberg, LJ (2004). Ukuhlafuna nokuphalaza kwiintlungu zokutya kunye nolwalamano lwalo nokutya ngokutya. Ukutya , ama- 5 (3), 231-239.
> Ingoma, YJ, Lee, J.-H., & Jung, Y.-C. (2015). Ukuhlafuna nokutshiza ukutya njengendlela yokuhlawula izigulane kwizigulane ezineengxaki zokutya. I-Psychiatry epheleleyo , 62 , 147-151.