Ngaphambili kwimbali yengqondo, ezininzi iinzame zenziwa ngeengxaki ezibuzayo kunye nokuphulwa ngokukrakra kwemiba yokuziphatha. Ngokomzekelo, ukuzama ukuthobela kukaMilgram , ukubandakanya ukukhohlisa abantu ngokukholelwa ukuba babenokubuhlungu, mhlawumbi nokuba besongela ubomi, ukutshutshiswa kombane komnye umntu.
Ezi ziphumo zengqondo zengxabano zadlala indima enkulu ekuphuhliseni izikhokelo zomgaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo abaphathi beengqondo kufuneka bahlale namhlanje. Xa senza izifundo okanye iimvavanyo ezibandakanya abathathi-nxaxheba bezentlalo, izazi zengqondo kufuneka zithumele iziphakamiso zabo kwibhodi yokuhlaziywa kweziko (IRB) ukuze kuvunywe. Ezi ikomiti zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimvavanyo zihambelana nezikhokelo zomthetho nezomthetho.
Iikhowudi zokuziphatha, njengalezo ezisungulwe nguMbutho we-American Psychological Association, zenzelwe ukukhusela ukhuseleko kunye neyona nto inomdla kwabo bathatha inxaxheba kwingcaphephe yengqondo. Ezi khokelo ziyakhusela iziganeko zeengqondo zeengqondo, intsimi yengqondo kunye namaziko axhasayo uphando lwezesayensi.
Xa kuchongwa izikhokelo zophando, ezininzi iingcali ziyavuma ukuba iindleko zokuqhuba uvavanyo kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokumalunga nokufumana inzuzo kuluntu oluphando olunokubanika.
Nangona kusekho impikiswano enkulu malunga nezikhokelo zokuziphatha, kukho ezinye iinkalo eziphambili ezimele zilandelwe xa ziqhuba nayiphi na uhlobo yophando ngezifundo zabantu.
Ukuthatha Inxaxheba Kumele Kube Ngokuzithandela
Yonke uphando olululo kufuneka luqhutywe ngokusebenzisa abathathi-nxaxheba abazithandayo. Iivolontiya zokufunda akufanele zive ziphoqelelwe, zisongelwe okanye zithathwe inxaxheba.
Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubaphandi abasebenza kwiiyunivesithi okanye kwiintolongo, apho abafundi kunye namabanjwa badla ngokukhuthazwa ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kumalinge.
Abaphandi bafanele bafumane imvume yokuXhobisa
Imvume ekwazisiweyo yinkqubo apho bonke abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwa malunga neenkqubo kunye nokwaziswa kwanoma yintoni ingozi. Imvume kufuneka ibhalwe phantsi kwifom ebhaliweyo. Imvume ekwazisiweyo iqinisekisa ukuba abathathi-nxaxheba bayazi ngokwaneleyo malunga nokuzama ukwenza isigqibo esinolwazi malunga nokuba ngaba bafuni ukuthatha inxaxheba.
Ngokucacileyo, oku kungabangela iingxaki kwiimeko apho uxelele abathathi-nxaxheba iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko malunga nokulinga kungathonya ngokungapheli iimpendulo zabo okanye iimpawu zabo kwisifundo. Ukusetyenziswa kwenkohliso uphando lwezesayikweni kuvunyelwe kwiimeko ezithile, kodwa kuphela ukuba isifundo singenakukwazi ukuqhuba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa inkohliso, ukuba uphando luya kunika uhlobo oluthile lokuqonda okuxabisekileyo kwaye ukuba izifundo ziya kuxoxwa kwaye zixelelwe malunga injongo yenyaniso emva kokuba idatha iqokelelwe.
Abaphandi kufuneka bahlale beNgcaciso
Ukufihlakelelwa yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yiphando lophando lwezesayensi. Abathathi-nxaxheba kufuneka baqinisekiswe ukuba ukwazisa ulwazi kunye nezimpendulo ngabanye aziyi kubelwa kunye nabani abangabandakanyekanga kwisifundo.
Nangona ezi zikhokelo zibonelela ngemigangatho yokuziphatha yophando, isifundo ngasinye siyahlukileyo kwaye singabonisa imingeni ekhethekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iikholeji ezininzi kunye neeyunivesithi ziKomidi zeZifundo zoBuntu okanye iBhodi yokuHlola yeziNtu ezilawulayo kwaye zinika imvume yiphina uphando olwenziwa ngamalungu okanye abafundi. Ezi ikomiti zinika ukhuseleko olubalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba uphando lwezemfundo luyimiqobo kwaye aluyi mngcipheko wokufunda inxaxheba.