Kutheni ukulinda into oyifunayo kungcono kwimpumelelo yakho nempilo
Ukunciphisa ukunyaniseka kubandakanya ukukwazi ukulinda ukufumana oko ufuna. Funda ngokubanzi malunga nokuba kutheni ukulibala ukuxhaswa kunokuba nzima kakhulu kunye nokubaluleka kokuphuhlisa ukulawula.
Ukunyanzeliswa Kwenziwe ntoni?
Yintoni oyenzayo kwinkampani yonyaka weKrisimesi xa ufumana iintlobo zokutya okumnandi kunye nokulingayo xa uzama ukunciphisa umzimba?
Ukuba unika kwaye ugcwalise isitya sakho kunye nokutya okunamafutha, kunokunciphisa ukutya kwakho, kodwa uya kufumana ukunyaniseka okukhawuleza.
Ukuba ulawula ukumelana nokuchitha ukutya okusemini ngokutya kunye nokuxhuma kwiimbolo ze-kroti, ngoko uya kufumana umvuzo omkhulu kunayo yonke umgca - ukuchitha loo mapaundi angafunekiyo kwaye ukwazi ukudibanisa kwi-jeans yakho eyintandokazi.
Ukukwazi ukuxhathisa isilingo kunye nokunamathela kwiinjongo zethu kudla ngokubhekwa njengamandla okanye ukuzithiba, kwaye ukulibazisa ukuxhaswa kubonakala kubaluleke njengenxalenye yale mpawu. Siyeka into esiyifunayo ngoku ukuze sikwazi ukufumana enye into, into engcono, kamva.
Ukukhetha umvuzo wexesha elide malunga nokuthotywa kwangoku kubangela umngeni omkhulu kwiindawo ezininzi zobomi. Ukusuka ekuphepheni ikhekhe yekhekheleji xa sizama ukunciphisa ubunzima bokuhlala ekhaya ukuze sifunde kunokuba siphumelele kwiqela kunye nabahlobo, ukukwazi ukulibazisa ukuthotywa kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kokufezekisa iinjongo zethu okanye kungekhona.
Ngaba unako ukuxhathisa kwaye ufumane umvuzo kamva-nokuba ungcono?
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukukwazi ukulibazisa ukuthotywa akuyona nje into ebalulekileyo yokufezekisa injongo ; kusenokuba negalelo elikhulu ekuphumeleleni kwexesha elide kunye nentlalo-ntle.
Uvavanyo lweStanford Marshmallow
Kwiminyaka yee-1970 ukuhlolwa kwengqondo yeklasikthi , isazi sengqondo sokuthi uWalter Mischel sibeke ukuphatha phambi kwabantwana kwaye sanikezela ukukhetha - banokuyonwabela ukunyanga ngoku okanye balinde ixesha elifutshane ukuze bafumane ukutya okubini.
Xa umhloli oshiya egumbini, abaninzi abantwana bahlala badla ukuphatha (ngokuqhelekileyo ikhukhi okanye i-marshmallow), kodwa inxalenye yezingane yayikwazi ukukhupha umdla wokuzonwabisa ngoku kwaye ulinde umvuzo wokufumana ezimbini emva koko.
Yiyiphi i-Mischel efunyenwe kukuba abantwana ababenokukwazi ukulibazisa ukuzincoma babe neenzuzo ezininzi emva kwexesha abantwana abangenako ukulinda. Abantwana ababe balinde unyango olwenziwe ngcono kakhulu kwizakhono kunabantwana abadlayo baphatha ngokukhawuleza. Abo babelibazise ukuxhaswa kwabo nabo babonisa iingxaki ezimbalwa zokuziphatha kwaye kamva babe nezikolo eziphezulu ze-SAT.
Kutheni Kulukhuni Ukulinda?
Ngoko ukuba ukukwazi ukulawula iimpembelelo zethu kunye nokulibaziseka ukuthotywa kubaluleke kakhulu, ngaba abantu bangakwazi njani ukuphucula lo mbono?
Kwimvavanyo yokulandelelana, i-Mischel ibone ukuba ukusebenzisa iindlela ezininzi zokuphazamisa ukuncedisa abantwana banokulibazisa ukwanelisa ngokuthe ngempumelelo. Izakhono ezinjalo zaziquka ukucula iingoma, ukucinga ngenye into, okanye ukumboza amehlo abo.
Ukukhawuleza ukunyaniseka akusoloko kunqunywe kwaye kuyomile kwihlabathi lenene, nangona kunjalo. Nangona abantwana baseMischel befunda isithembiso somvuzo wesibini wokulinda nje ixesha elincinane, iziganeko zemihla ngemihla ayisoloko zifika nesiqinisekiso .
Ukuba ushiya loo brownie, usenako ukulahlekelwa isisindo. Ukuba unqumla umcimbi wezentlalo ukuze ufundisise, usenokwenza okungafanelekanga kwiimviwo.
Yiyo yokungaqiniseki okwenza ukunikela ngokukhawuleza kwimivuzo enzima kangaka. Okokuphatha okumnandi phambi kwakho ngoku kuyinto eqinisekileyo, kodwa injongo yakho yokulahlekelwa ubunzima ibonakala ingakumbi kwaye ayiqinisekanga.
Kwinqaku ebonakalayo kwiCognition , izazinzulu ze-neurosa uJoseph W. Kable noJoseph T. McGuire weYunivesithi yasePennsylvania zibonisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwethu ngeembuyekezo ezizayo kukubangela ukulibazisa ukuxhaswa. Bachaza bathi: "Isiganeko sezenzakalo zehlabathi ngokwenene asisoloko siqikelela.
"Abenzi bezigqibo bahlala bekulindele ibhasi, ukunikezelwa kwemisebenzi, ukulahleka kwesisindo, kunye nezinye iziphumo ezibonakalayo ngokungaqiniseki kwexesha elithile."
Ngamanye amazwi, asazi ukuba le mivuzo yesikhathi esizayo iza kufika - okanye nokuba iya kufika.
UMcGuire kunye noKable bakhombisa ukuba ngelixa uhamba umvuzo osheshayo udlalwa njengelahleko lokuzithiba nokuzinikela kwisilingo, ngokuqinisekileyo ungabonisa isenzo esinobuchule kwiimeko apho umvuzo othembisiwe awuqinisekanga okanye awunakwenzeka.
Ithemba liyiCandelo eliBalulekileyo
Ingaba uzimisele ukulinda okanye ungazilungele ukulinda kunokuxhomekeka kuninzi kwi-worldview yakho. Ngaba ulindele into ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba kuya kwenzeka? Ngaba unokholo kumakhono akho ukwenza izinto zenzeke okanye zithemba ukuba iinjongo zakho ziya kufezeka?
Ngolwazi olusandul 'ukutshatyalaliswa oludumileyo likaMischel, umfundi wezesayensi onokwaziyo uCeleste Kidd waseYunivesithi yaseRochester wathatha ngokuqwalasela ngakumbi le ngxaki yokuthembela. Uvavanyo lwalo lufana ne-Mischel, kodwa kwisiqingatha kwimiba abaphandi baqhekeza isithembiso sabo sokunyanga okwesibini kwaye kunoko banike abantwana ukuba baxolise.
Xa bebaleka ukuzama okwesibini, ininzi yabantwana abafumene uphathwe oluthembisiwe kwisilingo sokuqala babuye bakwazi ukulinda ukuze bafumane unyango lwesibini. Iintsana ezazikhohlisiwe ngokokuqala ngqa azizange zilindele ukulinda ngeli xesha - zadla i-marshmallows ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba abaphandi baphume kwigumbi.
Indlela yokwandisa uMandla wokuNciphisa ukuXhobisa
Ezinye izicwangciso ezinokukunceda ukuphucula amandla akho okulibazisa ukuzincoma ziquka:
- Nika amaxesha athile ngokucacileyo: Kwimeko apho abantu abaqinisekanga xa baya kufumana umvuzo omele ulindeleke, ukunika ingxelo malunga nokuba kuya kufuneka kube nini ukuba balinde. Izitishi zokuqeqesha zingenza ixesha lokulinda, umzekelo, ngoxa ootitshala banganika umfundi umhla wokugqibela xa abafundi befumana umvuzo othenjisiweyo.
- Beka ixesha elide elifanelekileyo: Xa uzama ukufezekisa injongo, njengokulahlekelwa ubunzima, abantu ngamanye amaxesha banelungelo lokubeka ixesha elide elingenakwenzeka. Ngokomzekelo, i-dieter ingazibeka ukusilela xa yenza umgomo ongekho ngokupheleleyo wokulahlekelwa iipounds ezili-10 ngeveki. Xa engaphumeleli ukulahlekelwa ziipilili zokuqala ezili-10, unokuyeka kwaye anike isilingo. Injongo engakumbi yepali enye ngeveki iya kuvumela i-dieter ukuba ibone iziphumo zemizamo yakhe.
Iingcamango Zokugqibela
Ukulahla ukuxhaswa ngokuqinisekileyo akulula kwiimeko ezininzi, ingakumbi ukuba asiqinisekanga ukuba ufuna ukufumana umvuzo siza kufuna ukuba kwenzeke ntoni. Kodwa abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukukwazi ukuyeka iinjongo zethu ngokukhawuleza ukusukela iinjongo zesikhathi eside kunokuba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yempumelelo. Nangona ungeke uhlale unako ukumelana nokunyaniseka kwangoku, ukuzama amacebo ambalwa kunye nokusebenza ngamandla akho ngokuqinisekileyo kufanele umzamo.
Iingxelo:
Kidd, C., Palmeri, H., & Aslin, RN (2013). Ukunqongophala ngokulinganayo: Ukwenza izigqibo zabantwana abancinci kumsebenzi we-marshmallow umodareyithwa yienkolelo malunga nokuthembeka kokusingqongileyo. UkuCognition, 126 (1), 109-114. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ukuqaphela.2012.08.004.
McGuire, JT, & Kable, JW (2012). Abaqulunqo izigqibo banamathela ekunyamekeni kokuziphatha ngokusekelwe kumava okuchitha ixesha. UkuCognition, 124, 216-226.
Mischel, W. (1974). Iinkqubo ngokulibaziseka kokuxhaswa. KwiL. Berkowitz (Umhla.), Intuthuko kwingqondo yezentlalo zengqondo (Izahluko 7, iphe. 249-292). ENew York: I-Press Press.
Mischel, W., & Ebbesen, EB (1970). Ukuqwalaselwa kokulibaziseka kokuthotywa. I-Journal of Personality and Psychology, 21, 204-218.
Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez. (1989). Ukukhawuleza ukuthotywa kwabantwana. ISayensi, 244, 933-938.
Mischel, W., & Metzner, R. (1962). Ukukhethwa komvuzo wokulibaziseka njengomsebenzi weminyaka, ubunzima, nobude bexesha lokulibazisa. I-Journal ye-Psychology engaqhelekanga kunye neNtlalo, 64 (6), 425-431.