Umklami weCathinones kunye neziThutha zoMzimba
EYurophu, eOstreliya, naseUnited States, amagosa enonophelo lwezempilo kunye nee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho ziye zachaza ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi ezimhlophe ezithengiswa njenge "bath salts." Isichengululo seziyobisi siqulethe i-MDPV kwaye sithengiswa kwiivenkile ezilula, izitolo ezizodwa kunye ne-intanethi. Abasebenzisi bakhupha i powder ukuze baphakanyiswe kwaye ngenxa yoko, ibizwa ngokuthi "i-cocaine yokukhohlisa."
I-Cocaine yeNkobe (amaStrans Salts) amagama eMveliso
Ezinye zeemveliso zetyuwa zokuhlambela ezisetyenziselwa njenge-cocaine ye-fake kuthiwa yi-Ivory Wave, i-Bliss, i-Blue Silk, i-Charge Plus, i-White Lightening, i-Cloud 9, kunye ne-Amandla 1. Kunamanye amagama emveliso kwaye ihlala ishintsha.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi mveliso zithengiswa njenge "bath salts." Nangona kunjalo, ekuzameni ukuphazamisa umthetho, baye babhalwa ngokuthi "batyala ukutya," "i-glass cleaner" kunye "neekhemikhali zophando."
Isithako esisebenzayo kwi-Fake Cocaine
Isithako esisebenzayo kwiimveliso zetyuwa yebhati yinkqubo yemveliso ye-drug methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Yakhiwe ngokumalunga ne-cathinone, i-alkaloid esebenzayo efunyenwe kwisityalo se-khat . Yinkqubo yesantya esichukumisayo.
I-MDPV yinkalo yesicatshulwa esibizwa ngokuba yi-cathinone yokwenziwa, izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ezisetyenzisiweyo njengezithako kwiimveliso zetyuwa ezahlukeneyo. Uhlobo lwe-cathinone luyinto enamandla kunokuba lube lukhulu kunokwakheka kwemvelo kwaye ngamanye amaxesha luyingozi.
I-MDPV ifana ne-pyrovalerone, i-stimulant yokuqala eyakhiwe ngo-1964. Kuthengiswa phantsi kwegama lezorhwebo elithi Centroton kunye ne-Thymergix, i-pyrovalerone isetyenziselwa ukunyanzelisa ukutya okanye ukhathala okungapheliyo.
I-MDPV, nangona kunjalo, ayivunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezobisi eMelika. I-MDPV yindlela eqhelekileyo yokusebenza yecathinone efunyenwe kwiinkqubo zezigulana ezivunyelweneyo kumagumbi angxamisekileyo emva kokuthabatha isalathisi yokuhlamba.
Zibukeka Njani I-Cathinones Zomculo?
I-cathinone ye-Synthetic ivame ukubonakala njengomgubo omhlophe okanye omhlophe wesikhumba. I thengiswa kwiibhotile ze-500-milligram okanye iiplastiki ezibhalwe "i-salts baths". Iipakheji zidla ngokuba zithi "ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kuphela" okanye "kungekhona ukusetyenziswa kwabantu."
Kuthathwa Njani?
Abasebenzisi ngokukhawuleza bakhupha i powder emhlophe ukuze baphakame. Inokutshaywa okanye ithathwe ngomlomo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-cathinone yokwenziwa kwezinto ilahlekelwa ngamandla xa ixutywe nesisombululo, ngoko ayiqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, iingxelo ze-DEA zakutshanje zibandakanya le ndlela.
Ngubani Osebenzisa Amagumbi Okuhlamba?
Ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nababoneleli ngezeMpilo eYurophu, e-Australia, naseUnited States babika ukuba abasebenzisi baninzi abaselula kunye nabaselula. Nangona kunjalo, isifundo se-Southern Germany safumana ukuba abaninzi abasebenzisi bangeniswa esibhedlele ngenxa yeengxaki ezinxulumene ne-MDPV babengamadoda angama-30. Kwakhona kwaphawula ukuba abaninzi bala madoda babengenasiphelo malunga neziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
Iimveliso zetyuwa zokuhlambela ezine-MDPV zithengiswa kwiivenkile kunye nezithengiso eziye zathengisa iimveliso zegunju .
Ziziphi Iimpembelelo Zama-Bath Salts?
Ucwaningo lwezesayensi malunga nemiphumo ye-MDPV kubantu okanye kwi-dosing eyiyo ayigqibekanga. Nangona kunjalo, amagosa ezempilo aye abike ukuba abasebenzisi beemvakalelo zengxelo yeziyobisi zenceba, ukuvuselela, ukuphaphazela, ukunyamekela, nokuqonda izinto.
Imiphumo ifaniswa ne-methamphetamine, i-MDMA kunye ne-cocaine.
I-DEA yeCandelo loVavanyo lweeDrug kunye neChimicals, nangona kunjalo, iingxelo ukuba kuma-dosage aphezulu, ayenziwa i-salts kubhalwa:
- Inqanaba lentliziyo ngokukhawuleza
- Igazi elonyukayo
- Vasoconstriction
- Ukuxela
- Ukuhlaselwa kwexesha elide
- I-Psychosis , ngokuqhelekileyo ibangelwa ukulahlwa kokulala
Ukongezelela, kukho iingxelo zokufa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweli klasi lamachiza.
Iimpembelelo zeengqondo zeCathinones zendalo
I-MDPV iye yasasazwa ukususela ngo-2007 eJamani. Amagosa ezempilo aseYurophu athi abasebenzi "balahlekelwa yintsebenziswano kunye nenyaniso" kwaye baphathwa kumaziko engqondo.
Ngokutsho kweNational Institute of Drug Abuse, ezinye zeempembelelo zengqondo ze MDPV kunye nezinye i-cathinones zokwenziwa ziquka:
- Paranoia
- Hallucinations
- Ukwandiswa koluntu
- Ukwandiswa kwesondo
- Ukuhlaselwa ngumsindo
- Delirium evuya
I-Cathinones kunye ne-Molly
"I-Molly" iyigama elisetyenzisiweyo elisetyenziselwa i-crystal powder ifomu ye-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Oku kuvame ukuthengiswa kwiifomsile ukuzahlula kwiipilisi ze-Ecstasy ezinokuthi zinezinye izixhobo ezinobungozi.
Nangona kunjalo, i-arhente yokunyanzeliswa komthetho ibike ukuba iifomsules ezithathiweyo ezazifanele zihlambuluke i-Molly ziqulethe i-methylone, i-cathinone eyingozi.
Ngaba i-MDPV Addictive?
Iingxelo zeCandelo loVavanyo lweeDrug kunye neCandelo leCommunity Report (IDAs), ukuba i-dose-dose abasebenzisi bezilwanyana eziphezulu bavakalise izifiso ze-MDPV. Esi sisinye isibonakaliso sokuphuhlisa ukuxhomekeka okanye umlutha kwixabiso.
Ngaba i-Fake Cocaine engekho mthethweni?
Ngo-2012, iCongress yadlulisa uMthetho woLwaphulo loTywala lweZenzo zoLwaphulo-mthetho olubeka ngokusisigxina iindidi ezingama-26 ze-cannabinoids kunye ne-cathinones kwiShedyuli I ye-Controlled Substances Act (CSA).
Umthetho ofanayo, inxalenye ye-FDA Safety and Innovation Act ka-2012, iphindwe kabini inani lexesha loLawulo lweZonyanzeliso zoLimo (DEA) lunokulawula ngokucwangcisa izinto phantsi kolawulo lwexesha eliphuculweyo, ukusuka kwiinyanga ezili-18 ukuya kwezi-36.
I-DEA ithi ngenxa yokuba i-MDPV kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezinokwenziwa zifana neziyobisi eziseShedyuli I ye-CSA, "amatyala okunyanzeliswa komthetho anokubandakanyeka angatshutshiswa phantsi kwe-Federal Analogue Act ye-CSA."
Imithombo:
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. I-Cathinones yamanyathelo ("ama-Bath Salts"). "IiDrugFacts.
> Romnek > K, et al. I-Cathinones yoMntla eSouth Germany - Iimpawu zabasebenzisi, i-Pattern-Patterns, Co-Ingestions, kunye neengxaki. i-doi: 10.1080 / 15563650.2017.1301463.
US Ulawulo Lokusetyenziswa Kogunyaziso. I-Characterisation ye-3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) . 2010.
I-US yokuLawula ukuLawulwa kweMithi, iCandelo loVavanyo lweMichiza kunye neChiza. I-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone [(MDPV) (1- (1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl) -2- (1-pyrrolidinyl) -1-pentanone] .