I-Cocaine ingaphezu kweziyobisi zesitalato,
Naliphi igama elithi cocaine likhankanywe, into yokuqala efika engqondweni kukusetyenziswa kakubi kwizitratato kunye nemiphumo emibi yokuxhomekeka kwilisi. Yaye yinyani, i-cocaine ixhaphazwa kakhulu njengeziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuxoxwa, i-cocaine nayo isebenzisa unyango.
ICocaine njengeDrams Street
Kwi sitrato, i-cocaine ithengiswa njenge powderstalline powder.
Lo mgubo uhlanjululwa okanye "unqunywe" ushukela ukwandisa ixabiso lendlela yesitalato. I-Cocaine ibuye yajika ibe yintlukwano , ethatha uhlobo lweempawu ezinqamlekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba "amatye."
I-cocaine enomdaka unokuthi iphoswe okanye ichithe ngamanzi kwaye iphendulwe isisombululo esilinywe kwiimvini. Ukuqhawula kushushu.
Xa utshisiwe, i-cocaine ibangela ukunyuka. Ingabangela ukwanda kokuphazamiseka, ukungazinzi, ukunyanzeliswa, kunye neparanoia. I-Cocaine ikhulisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nentliziyo yexabiso kwaye ingakhokelela ekuhlaselweni kwentliziyo kunye nokushaya.
ICocaine njengamayeza
I-Cocaine inomsebenzi osemthethweni kwaye i-anesthetic ephezulu kakhulu. (Iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziselwa ulusu.) Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngesitatimende esilandelayo:
I-American Academy ye-Otolaryngology-Intloko kunye neCeck Surgery, Inc. ibheka i-cocaine ukuba ibe yi-agent ye-anesthhetic ne-vasoconstricting xa ifunyenwe njengenxalenye yonyango lomguli. Akukho nanye isilwanyana esisinye sidibanisa i-cocaine ne-vasoconstricting properties.
Ngobulungisa, into yokuba i-cocaine inezixhobo ezinobungozi bamele bangabi ngaliso kubafundi abathile abaqaphela ukuba i-cocaine ne-lidocaine yi-cousin, kwaye i-lidocaine isetyenziswe njenge-anesthetic ngexesha lezinyathelo zezinyo. Nangona kunjalo, kunyanzelisa ukujonga ngokukhawuleza i-cocaine njengonyango lwonyango.
I-Cocaine: Ukujonga okufutshane
I-Cocaine yi-derived alkaloid ecocekileyo ukusuka kumacembe e-coca. Amaqabunga e-Coca akhula kwi- Erythroxylum Coca , isityalo esivumelwana kuso eMzantsi Melika.
I-Cocaine iyancipha ngokukhawuleza kwiimbumba ze-mucus kubandakanywa ukuxubusha kwempumlo kunye nomlomo, nto leyo ichaza ukuba kutheni abantu abaxhaphazayo izidakamizwa bayirhoxisa okanye bayibhinqe kwizinsini zabo.
Njengeziyobisi zokusetyenziswa gadalala, i-cocaine isebenza kwingqondo ngokuthintela ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-dopamine-"ivakale" i-neurotransmitter. I-Cocaine iphinda isebenze ngokuthintela ukubuyiswa kwakhona kwe-neurotransmitters serotonin kunye ne-norepinephrin, egalelekile ekwenzeni ukukhawuleza okukhawulezayo okanye ukunyamekela emva kokungena. Ezinye iziphumo zonyango ziquka ukunyuka kwenani lentliziyo kunye nokunyuswa kwengcinezelo yegazi kunye nokukhuthaza ukuzithemba, ukuphaphama, nokuphila kakuhle.
Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwe-cocaine kuncitshisa ukuxinwa kwe-neurotransmitter metabolites ngoko kuphazamisa ngokusisigxina ukusebenza kwengqondo. Izibonakaliso zokuxhaphazwa okungapheli ziquka ukunqwenela okukhulu kwezidakamizwa kunye neemvakalelo zokugwenxa, ukugqithiswa kwezobudlova, i-paranoia, nokuxinezeleka. Ukuphindaphinda kwamanani kunokukhokelela ekusebenziseni imoto, ukungaboni, ukugula, ukuphefumula, ukuthinteka kwesondo, nokufa.
Ukongeza kwipowder, i-cocaine ingasetyenziswa kakubi ngendlela yokuqhaqha. Ukukhahlala "idwala" eliluphuzi elicwangciswe nge-ammonia okanye i-baking soda. Ukuqhayisa idwala kutshaywa okanye "kukhululekile" usebenzisa ipayipi yokuqhawula.
Ukuqhayisa kuninzi kunamandla, umlutha, kwaye kuyingozi kunokwenza i-cocaine powder. Abantu abaye basebenzisa ukuphanga kanye kuphela baye baba ngumlutha. Ukongezelela, ukucima iipayipi zitshise kakhulu kangangokuthi zingonakalisa umlomo nomlomo ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi. Xa abantu babelana ngepayipi yokuqhawula, banokubelana ngezifo ezithwala igazi njenge-HIV.
ICocaine njenge-Anesthetic
I-Cocaine yinkqubo ye-anesthetic yendawo esebenzayo eyenza ngokuthintela iimpembelelo zesisindo.
Ngokukodwa ngokuthintela i-norepinephrin, i-cocaine ibangela i-vasoconstriction kunye ne-anesthesia.
Njengonyango lwempilo, i-cocaine isetyenziswe ngexesha leenkqubo ezibandakanya iphepheni yokuphefumula. Ukongeza kwi-anesthesia kunye ne-vasoconstriction yephepha eliphezulu lokuphefumula, i-cocaine iyancipha i-mucosa okanye i-memcane.
I-Cocaine esetyenziswe ngexesha leenkqubo zonyango liza ngendlela yesicombululo. Isisombululo se-cocaine hydrochloride sinezigaba ezintathu ezahlukeneyo: ipesenti enye, iipesenti ezine okanye iipesenti ezili-10. Ngenxa yobungozi obuyingozi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela isisombululo sesinye sepesenti okanye sesine pesenti esetyenzisiweyo.
I-Cocaine mhlawumbi ihlushwa yingxaki yomfanekiso. Ngenxa yokuba abaninzi abantu baxhamla ngokuzenzekelayo le nkunkuma ngokusetyenziswa kakubi, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuyasatshiswa, kuthunyiswa, okanye kufakwe i-parodied. Enyanisweni, kunjalo, njengamanye amaninzi amayeza adla ngokuphathwa kakubi, kuquka i-marijuana, i-opioids, kunye (mhlawumbi) ne- MDMA , i-cocaine inemisebenzi esemthethweni kwaye inenzuzo. Nceda uqaphele ke, ukuba i-cocaine isebenza ngokusemthethweni kwimeko yeklinikhi xa ilawulwa ngugqirha. I-Cocaine ithengiwe kwisitrato isoloko iyingozi.
Imithombo
> Iphepha lokuSetyenziswa kweziyobisi: iCocaine. www.dea.gov
I-JM, uPerrone J. Isahluko 181. I-Cocaine, i-Methamphetamine kunye namanye ama-Amphetamines. Ku: Tintinalli JE, Stapczynski J, Ma O, Cline DM, Cydulka RK, Meckler GD, T. eds. I-Tintinalli Yonyango Elijongene Nezimo Eziphuthumayo: Isikhokelo Sokufunda Esipheleleyo, 7e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
O'Brien CP. Isahluko 24. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi iziyobisi. Ku: Brunton LL, Chabner BA, Knollmann BC. eds. Goodman & Gilman's The Basmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 12e . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2011.