Buza umzali obukele umntwana wakhe ukuba abuyele kwilizwe le midlalo yeeyure kwiiyure imihla ngemihla, olahla abahlobo kunye nosapho, kwaye olahlekelwa ngumdla kunoma yintoni ngaphandle kwekhonsoli yabo yemidlalo, kwaye baya kuthi yebo, ukutshaya umdlalo wevidiyo kunokoqobo njengomlutha wotywala okanye i-cocaine . Kodwa ngaba bayazi oko bavavanyayo? Ngokuqinisekileyo utywala oselayo ekufeni, okanye umlutha weziyobisi ogqithiseleyo, ogula ngaphezu kwengane echitha ixesha elide phambi kwesikrini sekhompyutha?
Uphuhliso olutshanje
Umdlavuza womdlalo wevidiyo wawungabandakanywa kwikhompyutheni yangoku yeNgcaciso kunye neSatistim of Disabilities (DSM-IV), nangona umdlalo wegeyimu udlala kakhulu usasazeka ukususela ngokupapashwa kwawo ngo-1994. ingxabano, kunye ne-American Medical Association inkxaso yokuqala, emva koko ihoxise inkxaso evela kwisiphakamiso sokuba ifakiwe kwi-edition elandelayo, i- DSM-V , ngo-2012. uhlobo lwe-intanethi, kunye nokukhathazeka ngokwesondo kunye ne-imeyile / ukuthumela imiyalezo.
Amazwe ase-Asia, afana neSouth Korea, ayaqaphela ukutshabalala kwemidlalo yevidiyo njengento engxamisekileyo yempilo yoluntu, kwaye kuye kwafa abantu abaninzi kwiivenkile ze-intanethi, ngokucacileyo ngenxa yecala legazi elivela ngexesha lokuhlala ixesha elide kwiikhomputha. EUnited States, uqikelelo lwezilwanyana zezilwanyana kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo zinzima kakhulu, kunye neekhomputer zifikeleleke ekhaya ngaphandle kwendawo ekwabelwana ngayo.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando lweziganeko lubonisa iipatheni ezifanayo zokuziphatha kuwo wonke amasiko, kwaye kuthiwa yinto efanayo.
Xa ukhululekile kwiimimiselo zesikolo, abantwana abaninzi banqwenela ukuthotywa ngokulula njengoko kunokwenzeka. Kwaye nabazali abaninzi bafuna oku kubantwana babo, njengoko ukutshintshela kwiintsapho zabazali abangabodwa kunye neentsapho ezimbini ezifumana umvuzo oshiya abaninzi abazali abanethuba elithile lokugxila ekusebenzisaneni nezingane zabo.
Ukunikela umntwana wabo umdlalo wevidiyo wakutsha usebenza ngeenjongo ezimbini: Kunciphisa isohlwayo sabazali ngokungasebenzisi ixesha elaneleyo kunye nomntwana, kwaye igcina umntwana ehlala ngokuzonwabisa. Olu hlobo lokuphila lunokukhawuleza luze lube ngumzekelo owenza ixesha elide phambi kweemidlalo zekhompyutheni ezivuza ngamnye umntu ochaphazelekayo.
Kodwa okwamanje akukho myalezo ocacileyo okanye ohambelana nabazali malunga nokuba umlutha womdlalo wekhompyutheni ngumngcipheko wangempela. Iimidlalo zevidiyo zinokuba nemiphumo emihle, kwaye abaphuhlisi bezemidlalo benza iinzame zokubandakanya iinzuzo zezempilo, ezifana nokuzivocavoca, kwimidlalo. Ngoko abazali bafanele bazi njani ukuphendula?
Imvelaphi
Iimidlalo zevidiyo ngokwazo ziqhelanisiweyo, kwaye ubuninzi bomdlalo wegeyimu yevidiyo kunye nokudlala kwenzeke kuphela kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Iimidlalo zevidiyo azizange zikho kwiifom zabo zangoku, eziyimpumelelo kakhulu kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo xa i-DSM-IV yapapashwa. Ngoko nangona kungabikho ukuqwalaselwa komdlavuza wemidlalo yevidiyo kwi-DSM-IV, leyo ayikho into ebonisa ukuba ayikho ngoku.
Ingcamango yomdlavuza wevidiyo yemidlalo ikhulile ngokukhawuleza kwishishini ejoliswe ngokukhethekileyo ekufumaneni abantwana ukuba bathenge imidlalo eninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ingcingo phakathi kweetyshubhu kunye neTV, imidlalo yevidiyo ijoliswe kubaselula abangenakukwazi ukubeka imida yabo kumdlalo okanye ukwenza izigqibo ezicatshulwa kakuhle malunga nendlela yokuchitha ixesha labo - nabakhiqizi bamageyimu baze baqhayise ngeentengiso zabo malunga amava "omluthayo" kwimidlalo yabo.
Ukuqaphela ngokufanelekileyo umngcipheko wegeyimu yevidiyo kwi-usetyenziso okanye umlutha kunika isizathu sokubeka imigangatho yokukhokelwa kwabazali kunye nabadlali bebhola malunga nemida efanelekileyo yokudlala.
Umlutha womdlalo wevidiyo uqhubeka uqondwa ngabaphandi nabanye abaqeqeshiweyo. I-American Medical Association (AMA) ithatha indima ephambili ekuqulunqeni uphando oluxhasa imbono yokulutha kwemidlalo yevidiyo ngo-2007, iphetha ngokuthi "i-AMA ikhuthaza kakhulu ukuqwalaselwa kunye nokufakwa kwe-intanethi" Ukuhlaziywa okuzayo kweNcwadana yokuHlola kunye neSatistim of Disabilities-IV. "
Nangona kunjalo, i-AMA kunye ne-American Society ye-Addiction Medicine (ASAM) ixhaswe kulo mqathango ogqithisileyo kamva ngo-2007, besithi uphando olongezelelweyo lufunekayo ngaphambi kokuba umlutha wevidiyo ungabonwa njengomlutha. Ukukhululwa yi-American Psychiatric Association ngexesha elifanayo lathi:
"Ukususela kwikhompyutha yangoku, i-DSM-IV-TR ayibhalisi" umlutha womdlalo wevidiyo, "i-APA ayicingi ukuba" umlutha womdlalo wevidiyo "ube yingxaki yengqondo ngeli xesha. Ukuba isayensi iyavuma ukuba, le ngxaki iya kuqwalaselwe ukufakwa kwi-DSM-V, ekufuneka ipapashwe ngo-2012. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-DSM kudinga inkqubo emide, inzulu-ebonakalayo kwaye ivulele iingcebiso kubasebenzi bethu kwiindawo zonyango kunye noluntu. Zonke iinguqu kwi-DSM ziya kusekelwe kwintsimi yakutshanje kunye neyona ndlela ihamba phambili. "
Kwimeko
Ucwaningo oluninzi oluye lwaqhutywa lubonisa ukuba umlutha wemidlalo yevidiyo uqobo kwi-10% yabadlali bebhola abahlangabezana nemigqaliselo yokulutha kwemidlalo yevidiyo. I-Grüsser et al (2007) ifumene ukuba abadlali bezemidlalo abahluke kwiimidlalo eziqhelekileyo ngokwexesha lemihla yokuchitha ukudlala, kwaye banomlinganiselo ophezulu "wokulindela kweempawu zokuyeka ukudlala," kunye nokukhanga okukhulu ngenxa yokulindela imiphumo emihle yokudlala. "U Zizo zonke iimpawu ezibonisa ukuxhomekeka kwezinto.
I-Skoric et al (2009) yabonisa ukuba umlutha womdlalo wevidiyo ukhululekile nje ngokuchitha ixesha elide lokudlala, kunye nabantwana ababandakanyekayo banomdlalo. Ekufundeni kwabo, ukuthambekela komlingo kwakuhlobene nxamnye nokusebenza kwezemfundo, ngelixa kungekho buhlobo obunokuthi bufunyenwe ixesha elichithwayo lidlala imidlalo okanye ukubandakanya umdlalo wevidiyo. Umzekelo ofanayo wokulahla umdlalo wevidiyo uhambelana kakubi nokusebenza kwezemfundo kwafunyanwa ngaphambili kwisifundo esithile seCuu et al (2004).
Uhlalutyo lwezinto zikaCharlton (2002) lunike inkxaso ngenkxaso yekhompyutha njengengcamango ekhethekileyo. Olu phando lubonise ukubaluleka kokuqonda iimpawu ezithile ze-computer yokulutha, kunokuba zilungele ukulungelelaniswa kwengcakazo, okuyiyo ekugqithiseni ukuqhutyelwa komlutha wekhompyutheni.
Ukuqwalaselwa komdlavuza wegeyimu yeevidiyo kuya kwenza ukuba iinkonzo zenkxaso zidibaniswe kwizicwangciso zomlutha woluntu, kwaye uqeqesho oluthile luya kunikwa abasebenzi. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kunikezelwa iziganeko eziphezulu zeziphazamiso ezifanayo phakathi kwabo banomdlavuza wevidiyo.
Kwimeko
Ukudlala umdlalo weVidiyo unokuba neenzuzo ezininzi. Ubuchule kwimidlalo yevidiyo kunokuhlakulela ukuzithemba komdlali. Iyakwazi ukuhlakulela ukulungiswa kweso isandla kwaye ingaba nezinye iimpawu zemfundo. Imidlalo eyinkcenkceshe ngakumbi inokunceda abadlali ukuba bathuthukise ezinye izakhono, kwaye uphuhliso olutsha luye lwazakhela izixhobo zokuzivocavoca umzimba-nangona oku kungabhenela abadlali bebhola.
Ukunyaniseka kwenkcubeko ethandwayo kukuba sinokuxhomekeka ngakumbi kwi-teknoloji. Isizukulwana esidlulileyo, iikhomputha zazinzima kwaye zinzima ukuyisebenzisa, kodwa iikhomputha zanamhlanje zinomsebenzisi obunomdla kwaye zilula kwaye zizonwaba kubantu abaninzi. Iimidlalo zevidiyo zivumela abantu ukuba babe namava amava okusebenzisa iikhomputha, ezinokubonelela ngezakhono ezichitshiweyo zokusebenzisa iikhomputha zeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.
Ukukhupha ingqalelo kwimiphumo emihle yokudlala umdlalo wevidiyo, ukuba ubhale umsebenzi wokulutha ngaphandle kokubakho ubungqina obaneleyo kunye nezikhokelo ezichazayo malunga nokuba yiyiphi inkunkuma (ngokuchasene nomdla wokudlala okanye umdlalo odlala umdlalo) ungabangela abantwana abaninzi nabazali babo abanokuzuza Iimidlalo yevidiyo. Oku kuyimpazamo.
Kukho ukuhluka okubanzi kwimidlalo yevidiyo, kwaye nangona abanye babonakala benemiphumo emibi, ngokukodwa ngokuphakanyiswa kobundlobongela kunye nokuziphatha okuchasene nentlalo, lo ngumsebenzi womxholo wemidlalo ethile, kunokuba ube ngumdlalo wemidlalo yevidiyo nganye . Imidlalo yemidlalo njengendlela ephakathi nayo inokulingana ngokulinganayo ukuphuhlisa izakhono ezentlalo zentlalo, okanye ukubonelela ngeendlela zokuzonwabisa zokuzonwabisa - nakuba ezi zinto zingenakulinganiswa ngokulula kwiintwana.
Njengokuba kukho ezinye izilingo, kukho ingozi yokuba iileyile efana nomdlavuza wemidlalo yevidiyo ingasetyenziselwa ngokukhululeka, ngaphandle kokuhlawula ingqalelo kwezinye iimeko ezihambelanayo okanye eziphantsi, ezinjengeengxaki zengqwalasela, ukukhathazeka kwe-autism, ukukhathazeka kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa. Ezi meko zineentlobo ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinganceda ngokugqithiseleyo umdlali womdlalo ogqithiseleyo.
Kwaye umdlavuza wevidiyo uhlaselwa kukugxeka okufanayo ukuba zonke izilingo zokuziphatha - ukuba izilingo ziyinkinga yemichiza ephuma ekutheni izinto eziluthayo, kungekhona umzekelo wokuziphatha.
Apho ibeka khona
I-APA ayitsho ukuba umlutha wegeyimu wevidiyo ayikho, nokuba akusiyo umlutha, kodwa nje ukuba bajonge umbandela kwaye abayi kwenza isigqibo kuze kube nguqulelo olulandelayo lwe-DSM oluphuma ngo-2013.
Ngokukhululwa okufanayo apho bebhenxise ukucebisa kwabo ukuba ukugqithiswa kwemidlalo yevidiyo yemidlalo kuyabonakala, i-APA ibonise inkxalabo enkulu malunga nemiphumo yokudlala umdlalo wevidiyo ogqithisayo kubantwana, ithi:
"Iingcali zengqondo zixhala malunga nokuphila kwabantwana abachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nemidlalo yevidiyo abahluleka ukuhlakulela ubuhlobo, bafumane ukuvivinya umzimba ngaphandle okanye bahlupheke emsebenzini wabo wesikolo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, umntwana ochitha ixesha elidlulileyo ixesha edlala imidlalo yevidiyo zibonakaliswe kubudlova kwaye zinokuba ziphezulu kwiingozi zokuziphatha kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo. "
Ngako oko, nokuba ingaba umdlavuza wevidiyo wekhompyutha okanye ayikho impendulo ye-addiction, okanye nokuba yingxaki yempilo yengqondo kwaye ngokwalo, i-APA icacile ukuba umdlalo wevidiyo ogqithiseleyo odlala kubantwana unokuba yingozi, kwaye unokukhokelela kwezinye iingxaki.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association, I- News Release: I-Statement ye-American Psychiatric Association kwi-"Video Game Addiction " . Ukukhutshwa nguNombolo 07-47. NgoJuni 21, 2007.
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> Vimba, MD, Jerald J., "Iingxaki ze-DSM-V: I-Internet Addiction." Ngaba J Psychiatry 165: 3. 2008.
> Charlton, JP "Uphando oluthile-uphando lwe-computer yobunzima kunye nokubandakanya." IBritish Journal of Psychology 93: 329-344. 2002.
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> Khan, MD, > Ph.D. >, Mohamed K. "Iimiphumo zoMoya kunye neZenzo, kubandakanywa nokuLungiswa kweMidlalo yeMidlalo." Ingxelo yeBhunga kwiNzululwazi kunye neMpilo kaRhulumente. I-CSAPH Report 12-A-07. 2007. Ukufikeleleka ngo-10 Feb 2009.
> I-Skoric, M., Lay Ching Teo, uL. & Lijie Neo, L. "Imidlalo yeMidlalo yeeNtsana neeVidiyo: ukuLungiswa, ukuBambisana kunye nokuPhumela kweScholastic." CyberPsychology & Practice. 12: 567-572. 2009.