Iimvavanyo zokufaka i-Sweat, i-Saliva kunye neNwele
Izikhokelo zokuvavanywa kweziyobisi zabasebenzi baseburhulumenteni zapapashwa kuqala yiSebe lezeMpilo leNkonzo zeNtlalo (USHS) ngo-1988 kwaye ziye zahlaziywa ngamanye amaninzi ukususela ngo-1994, 1998, 2004 no-2010.
Iinkcukacha ezicacileyo, iphepha eli-51 "Izikhokelo ezigunyazisiweyo zeeNkqubo zikaRhulumente zaseMsebenzini zoVavanyo lweeDrug" zifumaneka kwi-intanethi kwifom yePP.
Ukuphuhliswa yiNkunkuma yokuSebenza kweMpilo kunye noLawulo lweeNkonzo zezeMpilo zeNgqondo (SAMHSA), izikhokelo zijolise ekumiseleni imigaqo-nkqubo yokuvavanya iziyobisi kunye neenkqubo zabo bonke abasebenzi baseburhulumenteni kuzo zonke i-arhente.
Iinguqu ezinkulu zichazwe ngo-2004
Ngo-2004, i-SAMHSA icebise ukuhlaziywa kwezikhokelo. Emva kokubeka izimvo zoluntu kwiinguqu ezicetywayo, isaziso seenguqu sanyatheliswa ngoDisemba 2008 kwaye saqala ukusebenza ngoMeyi 2010.
Ezi ziphakamiso zanikezela utshintsho oluninzi kumgaqo-nkqubo:
- Izikhokelo zandisiwe ukuze zibandakanye ukuhlolwa kweebhenyri, i-oral fluid, kunye neempuphu ze-sweat-ngokukongeza kwiimpawu ze-urine-kuba nobukho be- marijuana , i- cocaine , i-phencyclidine, i-opiates (ngokugxila kwi- heroin ), kunye ne-amphetamines [kuquka i-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ), i-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDEA), i-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).
- Kuvunyelwe ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo zovavanyo (POCT) kwiziko, ukuhlola i-urine kunye nomlambo womlomo.
- Vunyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuvavanya kuqala (IITF) ukukhawuleza ukuchonga iimpawu ezimbi.
- Ukongeza iimfuno zokuqeqesha abaqokeleli, abahloli be-site, kunye namagosa okuphonononga ngonyango.
Isiqinisekiso seeBatatori
Kwakhona iziKhokelo eziMiselweyo zibeka izikhokelo zenzululwazi kunye nezobugcisa kwiiprogram zovavanyo lwezonyango zaseburhulumenteni zikaRhulumente kunye nokusekwa kwemigangatho yokuqinisekisa izibhoratri ezibandakanya ukuhlolwa kweziyobisi kumaziko aseburhulumenteni.
Ukuhlaziywa kweziKhokelo eziMiselweyo zijongene nokuqokelela kunye nokuvavanya iimpawu zomchamo, iimfuneko zokuqinisekisa isibonelelo se-Instrument Testal Initial (IITF), kunye nendima yemigangatho yabathengisi kunye namaGosa okuHlola iMpilo (MRO).
Ukuchaza izidingo zovavanyo
Ngokukodwa, izikhokelo ezintsha zichaze iimfuno zoku:
- Iinkqubo zokuqokelela iinkqubo
- Iinkqubo zokugcina izinto kunye nokulawula ukuqinisekisa ukuba umniki-mzekelo wesazisi kunye nesigqibelelo
- Indawo yokuvavanya
- Iimvavanyo zokuqala zokuhlola kunye nokuqinisekisa
- Iindlela zokuvavanya ukuhlalutya
- Isiphumo sokuhlolwa kunye nokunika ingxelo
- Ukuphononongwa kwezinye iinkcazo zonyango malunga neemvavanyo ezintle
- Imiba yokuqinisekiswa kweLebhu
Ukulwa neTrans-Test Testing
Ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo olongezelelweyo, ngaphandle komchamo, lwaza emva kwenkqubo yovavanyo eyaqala ngo-Apreli 2000 ukulungiselela izixhobo zokuvavanya ukusebenza kweempawu ngaphandle komchamo ukuvavanya ukukwazi kwamakhanki ukufezekisa ukuchaneka nokuchaneka.
Ukongezwa kokuvavanya usebenzisa iinwele, umlomo wamanzi kunye neempuphu zokukhupha ukuzalisa iimvavanyo zomchamo, zacetyiswa ukulwa namashishini azinikezele "ekutshintsheni izixhobo zonyango ngokuphanga, ukufaka endaweni kunye nokususwa," kubikwa i-SAMSHA.
I-arhente ibike kwakhona ukuba ukuhlolwa kweenwele, okunokufumana ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa iintsuku ezingama-90, kunokunceda ekuhlolweni kwangaphambili kwengqesho, ukuvavanywa komlomo ngamanzi kunokubona ukusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kwiimeko zengozi emva kweso siganeko, kwaye ukuvavanya i-patch kulungele ukuxhamla ngokuvavanya iziyobisi kunye neenkqubo zonyango.
Iziphumo ezikhawulezayo zovavanyo olubi
Ukongezwa kokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ze-POCT kunye ne-IITF ziza kunika i-arhente karhulumente iziphumo ezikhawulezayo ekuboneni iimpawu ezimbi, ngeli xesha libonisa ukuba i-specimen iyasebenza, i-SAMHSA iphawule.
Zonke i-arhente zentlangano ezenza ukuhlolwa kweziyobisi kufuneka zilandele izikhokelo ezifunekayo eziphunyezwe yi-SAMHSA, equka ukuba negosa lokuphonononga kwezokwelapha lihlole zonke iziphumo zokuvavanya nokusebenzisa i-laboratory yezilwanyana eziqinisekisiweyo yi-SAMHSA.
Abaqeshi abaziBucala basebenzise izikhokelo
Abaqashi abazimeleyo abaqhuba ukuhlolwa kweziyobisi zabasebenzi babo akudingeki ukuba balandele izikhokelo ze-SAMHSA, nangona ukuthobela izikhokelo kuya kubanceda bahlale besemthethweni ngokomthetho, ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zomthetho kunye nokuvavanywa kuphela ngala mayeza achazwe kwizikhokelo.
Ngokutsho kweSebe laseMelika laseMelika, izigqibo zenkundla ziye zanceda ngokulandela izikhokelo, ngenxa yoko, abaninzi abaqeshi bakhetha ukulandela izikhokelo zedolophu ekuphuhliseni iiprogram zokuvavanya iziyobisi.
> Imithombo:
> Bush, DM "Izikhokelo zeMelika ezisisigxina kwi-Federal Workplace Programme Testing Programs: iimeko zangoku kunye nekamva." I-Forensic Science International International January 2008
> Isebe Lempilo Neenkonzo Zoluntu. " Izikhokelo ezisisigxina kwiinkqubo zoVavanyo lweeDrama zaseMsebenzini zikaRhulumente ." I-Register ye-Federal November 25, 2008
> Isebe Lemisebenzi Yase-US. "Umakhi Wenkqubo Yendawo Yomsebenzi Wongenakwiziyobisi Ngamayeza Ngama-7: Ukuvavanywa Kweziyobisi." Umcebisi ngezeMisebenzi yeeMveliso eziMahla