Ngaba kukho uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-anorexia / bulimia namawele?
Ngaba kukho ubudlelwane phakathi kokuphazamiseka kokutya kunye namawele? Ukukhangela ngokukhawuleza kweentloko kubonakala kubonakala ukudibanisa izifundo ezimbini. Ingqwalaselo eninzi yoluntu yajoliswa kumbango xa uMary-Kate Olsen, isiqingatha se-celebrity celebrity duo, ebhedlele ukunyangwa kwengxaki yokutya ngoJuni 2004. Ukongezelela, iimpawu ezidumileyo uSia noShane, "i-Barbi Twins" bulimia.
Ingaba isimo sabo njengeamawele sinento enokuyenza ngayo neengxaki zabo? Enyanisweni, uphando lwango-2014 lufumene ukuba kuphando lwabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezibini, abantwana ababengamaqela amaninzi babengama-33 ekhulwini abanokuthi bafumaneke ukuba banesifo sokugula.
Iyintoni ingxaki yokutya?
Izidlo zokutya ezifana ne- anorexia nervosa (indlala), i- bulimia nervosa (umjikelo wokutya okuxilisayo kulandelwa ukuhlanjululwa ngokuhlanza okanye ukusetyenziswa kwelaxatives) kunye nokutya ngokutya (okuphindaphindiweyo, ukunyanzeliswa kokunyusa ukutya) yizinto eziphazamisayo ezibandakanya ukuvakalelwa, iimvakalelo kunye nokuziphatha imiba ejikelezayo kunye nokutya. Nangona nabani na onokuba yixhoba lale nkxwaleko ephazamisayo, abaxhamli bezona zixhaphakileyo ziyabesifazana ekuqaleni kokusasa. Ngokwe-National Nating Disorder Association, kuqikelelwa ukuba ininzi yezigidi ezingama-20 zezilwanyana kunye nezigidi ezili-10 eziduna zineengxaki zokutya ngexesha elithile.
Yintoni ebangela ukuphazamiseka kokutya?
Ziimeko eziyinkimbinkimbi ezivela kudibaniso lokuziphatha, ukukhathazeka, kwengqondo, ukuziphatha kunye noluntu.
Nangona izazinzulu ziyazi ngokuqinisekileyo oko kubangela ukuba umntu angabi nengozi kwaye angaphili, ukufunda iindidi kuye kwabanika izikhokelo malunga nefuthe lofuzo lwesifo. Uhlolisiso lwamaqoqo angamawaka angama-1 eamawele amabhinqa yi-Medical College yaseVirginia yancedisa oososayensi ukuba babone ingozi ye-bulimia.
Uphando lwabo lubonise ukuba iimbini zamathambo afanayo (okanye i-monozygotic) zineziganeko eziphezulu kakhulu zokuphazamiseka kunamawele asondelene. Ngenxa yokuba amawele afanayo afana ne-genetic link (ene-DNA efanayo), izazinzulu zenza uxhumano lokuba i-heredity idlala indima kwingxaki.
Ezinye zezinye iimvakalelo zengqondo, ezingokwengqondo nezendalo ezibangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokutya zingenza amawele kunye neeninzi ngokuthe tye. Umzekelo:
- Imiva yokungabikho kokulawula ebomini
- Imbali yokugxeka okanye ukuhlekwa usulu ngokusekelwe kubukhulu
- Iimveli zenkcubeko ezixabisa abantu ngokubhekiselele ekubukeni komzimba.
- Ukugqithisa ubuntu
Amabhabhane ahlala eqhathaniswa, kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo iimpawu zabo zomzimba ziyisiseko sokuthelekisa nokuchasana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba bafana kangakanani, uluntu luya kuhlala luzama ukuhlula elinye iwele nje ngokuthi "likhulu," "lincinci," okanye "lihle kakhulu." Abantu abaninzi banokuziva beqhutywe ukuvukela eso sibhalo, okanye bazame ukulawula ukubonakala kwabo ngokusebenzisa ukutya ukuze bahlawule. Ngenxa yokuba bahlala befaniswa nomnye umntu, banokuba nomfanekiso ophikisayo womzimba, behlala bezijonga ngokubhekiselele kumabini abo ababini kunokuba baqonde ngokwenene.
Ziziphi iziphumo zokuphazamiseka kokutya?
Ukuphazamiseka kokutya kunokubulala. Xa i-starry hungry, umzimba wakhe unqatshelwe izondlo ezibalulekileyo ezifunekayo ukusebenza. Umzimba unciphisa zonke iinkqubo zawo ukugcina amandla, ukubeka ixhoba engozini yokukhathala, ubuthathaka, ukulahleka kweenwele, ukulahleka kwemisipha, ukulahleka kwethambo nokugqitywa kwentliziyo. I-Bulimia ikhokelela ekungalingani kwe-electrolyte, ukubola kwezinyo, izilonda ze-peptic, ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kwaye kunokukwazi ukukhupha isisu, ukulimala kwimizimba kunye ne-panecreatis. Uninzi lweengozi zexesha elide lunokuthi lugcinwe, nangona emva kokuba i-bulimic iphelise umjikelezo wakhe wokuxilwa nokucoca, umzekelo: uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol ephezulu, isifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo.
Yintoni abazali abangayenza ukukhusela amawele abo?
Umbutho weSizwe wokuThatya kweNational (Disorders Association) (NEDA) wenza ezinye iingcomo abazali abangayisebenzisa ukuze banqande ukuphazamiseka kokutya kubantwana babo. Ziquka:
- Fundisa abantwana bakho malunga nokulinganisa nokuziphatha ngokwesini.
- Gwema ngokugqithiseleyo ubuhle nokuma komzimba.
- Xoxa ngexabiso lokutya okunempilo, okunokulinganisela kunye kunye nokuzivocavoca.
- Ukuchonga nokunceda abantwana baxhathise iindlela ezenziwa ngamajelo ezisekelwe kwimifanekiso yomzimba.
- Ukukhuthaza ukuzithemba nokuzihlonipha ngokubonelela ngamathuba kunye nokukhuthaza.
Ukongeza, abazali banokubeka umzekelo omhle kubantwana babo. Musa ukulila iipilisi ezongezelelweyo zokukhulelwa okanye i-nitpick iimpazamo zomzimba wakho phambi koonyana bakho. Gwema i-fad yokutya, kodwa gxininisa indlela yokuphila ephilileyo kuyo yonke intsapho.
Ekugqibeleni, phatha amawele akho okanye iiplani njengabantu ngabanye. Nangona bengenakubalekela ukuthelekiswa kwabo babantu, kufuneka babe nomuvo wokuba baxabiseke ngokwabo ngokwabo. Gwema ukugxininisa ukungafani kwazo, ngakumbi njengoko zikhula kwaye ziphuhlise; Kunoko, bhiyozela iimpawu zabo ezikhethekileyo kunye nobuchule.
Imithombo:
Berrettini, W., "I-Genetics of Disorders". I-Psychiatry (Edgmont). 2004, iphe. 18.
Goodman, A., et. al. "Ubambiswano phakathi koBuhlobo bokuzalwa kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya kwiCandelo lobomi: Iziphumo ezivela kwi-2 Million Amadoda nabesifazane abazalelwa eSweden, ngo-1975-1998." I-American Journal ye-Epidemiology. Fe bruwari 2014, iphe. 852.
Kendler, K., et al. "Ubume beengxaki zemvelo kunye neemeko ezingqongileyo eziziintlungu ezithandathu zokugula ngengqondo kwabasetyhini. I-Phobia, ingxaki yokukhathazeka jikelele, ukuphazamiseka kwesifo, i-bulimia, ukuxinezeleka okukhulu kunye notywala." Ubume be-Psychiatry. NgoMeyi, 1995. pg. 374.