Uninzi lwezokwelapha malunga nomlutha lubandakanya uhlobo oluthile lokuthi "unyango lwentetho" okanye ukucebisa, kwaye ugxininise ekuncedeni umntu ngomlutha ukuba afune isizathu sokuba baqhubeke bebandakanya ukuziphatha okuluthayo, nangona iingxaki ziphuhliswa ngenxa yoko, kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulawula iimvakalelo ezibangela ukuziphatha kakubi.
Nangona ezi ndlela zonyango zinceda abantu abaninzi abanezilingo, abanye banomuvo wokuba bafuna indlela eyanceda ngokusemzimbeni, ngokuchasene nemeko yengqondo okanye yemvakalelo yokulutha.
Abanye bafumanisa ukuba uqeqesho lunceda ekulawuleni izifiso, njengonyango lokulondoloza ukuthetha unyango. Kule minyaka, umsebenzi oye waqatshelwa njengesixhobo sokuncedisa abantu ekuhlaleni izilutha njengenkxaso yokubuyiswa, kodwa nje nje ngoku nje ukubonakalisa njengonyango lokulingisa ngokwalo.
Iimiphumo zokuzivocavoca ngexesha lokuLawula
Ukurhoxiswa ngamava angamangalisi okwenzekayo xa i-substance addictive, efana notywala okanye iziyobisi, okanye ukuziphatha kakubi, njengokungcakaza, ukunyanzela ngesondo, okanye ukutya ngokutya, kuphelile. Izimpawu zokurhoxisa zihluka ngokunyaniseka kwaye ziphi iimpawu eziye zenzeka, kuxhomekeke kumntu kunye nokuba ziyakhupha ntoni, kodwa ingundoqo kuzo zonke i-syndromes zokurhoxisa kukufuna ukufumana izinto ezininzi okanye ukuziphatha, kunye nokukhutshwa xa kuninzi kwezinto kuthathwe, okanye ukuziphatha kuthatha.
Imiva yokudandatheka okanye ukuphelelwa ithemba, ukuxhalaba okanye ukunyaniseka, ukucaphuka okanye ukuvutha umsindo, iingxaki zokugaya ukutya, kunye neempawu zeentlungu ezinjenge-sweating, eyomile okanye emlonyeni, umlomo kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwemizimba kuyaqhelekile.
Izimpawu zokurhoxiswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo zingahluka:
- Utywala U ku rhoxiswa
- Ukukhishwa kweNicotine
- Ukurhoxiswa kwe-Cannabis
- Ukukhishwa kweCaffeine
- Heroin Ukurhoxiswa
- ICocaine Ukurhoxiswa
- Ukukhishwa kweMet
Ukuzivocavoca kuye kwafunyanwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukuxhalaba nokudandatheka. Njengoko ezi ziimpawu ezinkulu zokuhoxiswa, iingcali ziyancoma ukuba umsebenzi unokunciphisa iimpawu zokuhoxiswa.
Ngelishwa, uphando olwenziwa ngabantu ekusebenziseni umsebenzi xa lugqithiswa ngokukhawuleza, nangona uphando malunga nababhemayo kunye nezilwanyana ezidlulayo.
Olunye uhlobo lokurhoxiswa oluye lwaboniswa ukuba luncedwe ngumzimba luyihoxiso. Izifundo ezininzi ziye zabonisa ukuba ababhemayo ababandakanyeka ekusebenziseni amavoti banciphisa izifiso zecuba, ukuphucula imizimba kunye nokunciphisa impawu zokuyeka ukuxhatshazwa xa kuthelekiswa nabantu abangabikhoyo ukuyeka ukutshaya.
Uninzi lwophando malunga nemiphumo yokusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokukhutshwa kweziyobisi kuqhutyelwe kwizilwanyana. Xa iirebhu zeebhanti eziye zihoxiswayo zivunyelwe ukuba zisebenzise ngokuzikhethela-zihamba kwivili-zabo iimpawu zokurhoxiswa zibonakala ziyancitshiswa. Ngokomzekelo, abo baphuhliswa ngokuphuza utywala baye banciphisa iziganeko zokubanjelwa, kwaye abo bahamba ngokukhishwa kwe-morphine banokuziphatha okunyamekisayo okufana nokuziphatha nokunciphisa ubukhulu bokushisa. Uphando olongezelelweyo lubonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kunokulungisa umonakalo kwimiphumo yengqondo eyabangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwe-methamphetamine.
Ukuzivocavoca ukuKhusela ukuLwela
Ukuzivocavoca uphando njengonyango lokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphindaphinda ekuziphatheni komlutha kwaye uboniswe ukunciphisa izifiso zeziyobisi nokuphucula iziphumo zonyango.
Abantu bahlaziya ekusebenziseni utywala, abaye bagqiba isigaba sokurhoxiswa kwe-detox, banqwenela ukuba baphuze xa bekwazi ukuzibandakanya. Kwaye abantu abaphulukisayo ekusebenziseni i- cannabis disorder ababandakanyeka kwixesha elide lokuzivocavoca baye bancitshisa iminqweno yentsangu.
Ukuzivocavoca kuye kwaphandwa kunye kunye nezinye izibonelelo kwaye zifunyanwe zincedo xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zisetyenziselwa. Ukulawulwa kwe-Contingency, inkqubo yesiseko esekelwe kunomdla, iphinda iphumelele xa idibene nemisebenzi enxulumene nomsebenzi.
Izifundo zezilwanyana eziye zatshatyalaliswa iziyobisi zibonisa ukuba xa kusebenza izilwanyana, abanakho ukubuyela kwizidakamizwa ezifana ne-nicotine kunye ne-cocaine.
Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanzelisa umzimba kunokunyaniseka.
Ubungakanani kunye neMida yokuSebenza njengoTywala
Ukuzivocavoca kubonakala ngathi kunakho ukungaxilwanga kakhulu njengonyango olongezelelweyo lwezobisi. Iimpembelelo zayo ezixhamlayo kwiimvakalelo, kunye neempawu zokuxhoma, zenza kube kuhle ukubanceda abantu ukuba baphumelele kwiimpawu zokulahla bazive bebhetele, baphile impilo kwaye baphephe ukuphindaphinda, kwaye banokukunceda ukulungisa ezinye zezinto ezibangelwa yintlungu eyenziwa ngumzimba se benzisa.
Nangona kunjalo, uqeqesho aluyi kukukunceda ukuba uqonde ukuba kutheni ube ngumlutha kwindawo yokuqala, ukuba uqaphele izibangela, okanye ufunde iindlela ezisebenzayo zokulawula iimvakalelo zakho-nangona ngokwalo, kunokukunceda ukuphucula isimo sakho sengqondo, kwaye inokuphucula ukuphumelela kwezinye iindlela zokwelapha. Kukho umngcipheko omncinane wokuba usebenzise umthamo omkhulu, kwaye uhlakulele umlutha wokuzilolonga , nangona le nto inqabile. Ingcinga efanelekileyo yokuthetha nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqale ulawulo lomsebenzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile kuwe.
> Imithombo:
> Egorov AY, Szabo A. I-Paradox Yokuzivocavoca: Umzekelo Osebenzisanayo Wokuqonda Ngokucokisekileyo Ukunyusa Umzimba. Umbhalo weMilo yoLungiso. 2013; 2 (4), 199-208.
> ULynch WJ, uPetererson AB, iSanchez V, uAbheli A, uSmith. Ukuzivocavoca njengeNyango yeNyango yokuLungiswa kweMilo: i-Neurobiological ne-Stage-Dependent H ypothesis. I-neuroscience kunye neengxelo ze-Biobehavioral 37. 2013; 1622-1644.