Ukulimala yimbangela ebangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-45 kunye neyesine ebangela ukufa jikelele. Unyaka ngamnye amawaka abantu afa ngenxa yokulimala kwaye inqanaba elithile litshatyalaliswa yintlungu engabonakaliyo ebathumela kwigumbi eliphuthumayo.
Ngelishwa, utywala luba nendima enkulu kakhulu kule nzakala yokubulala kunye nokungabikho komzimba, nokuba ngaba yingozi yokubulala; ukuphazamiseka kwemoto engabonakaliyo; umlilo okanye utshisa; i-hypothermia okanye i-frostbite; okanye ukuzibulala.
Ukusela utywala kukhulisa ingozi yokuxhatshazwa ngeendlela ezimbini: amathuba okulimala kunye nokunyuka okukhulu kwengozi.
Kuyacaca ukuba xa umntu enxiliswe ngokwaneleyo ukuba adibanise intetho yakhe okanye angakwazi ukuhamba ngokuchanekileyo, basengozini enkulu yokwenza ukulimala.
Ingozi Ephakamileyo Yengozi kunye Nokulimala
Izifundo ezininzi ziye zaxela ukuba abo basebenzisa kakubi utywala banokuthi abantu abanomdla ukuba bahlanganyele kwisiganeko esibuhlungu. Abanxilisayo banomngcipheko ophezulu wokuba neengozi kunabo abangaphuziyo.
Nangona kukho ezinye izazinzulu eziphikisana nale mabango, iziphumo eziliqela ziye zafumanisa ukuba abantu abaxakile banokulimala ngakumbi kunokuba abantu bangenangxaki nakwiindawo ezinobungozi ezinxulumene ne-neontraffic.
Abalwelo banokulimala okungakumbi
Abaphandi abaqondi ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ezenza ukuba iziphumo zokuba utywala zigaleleke ekwenzeni ukulimala kolukhulu, kwaye uphando oluthile luphikisana nalabo bafunyanisiweyo, kodwa ukuvumelana kukuba inkolelo yokuba abantu abanxilisayo abanako ukulimala ngenxa yokuphazamiseka ngenxa yokuba ikhululekile , ayixhaswanga ngu bungqina.
Indima yokuba utywala unobungozi abukwazi ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yokuba izigulana ezimbalwa zegumbi lezongxamiseko zihlolwa rhoqo kwi -alcohol-alcohol content (BAC) . Nangona izikhululo zempilo zicebise ukuba zonke izigulane zengozi zihlolwe ngokusetyenziswa kotywala, uphando lubonisa ukuba akunakwenzeka.
Bambalwa ii-ER Izigulane ze-BAC zihlolwe
Ngaphandle kokuba umntu olimele engumqhubi wezimoto eziphazamisayo, uphando oluthile lufumene ukuba malunga neyesine kwalabo bachaphazelekayo kwiingozi zithuthi bavavanywa kwi-BAC.
Olunye uphando lwelizwe lufumene ukuba ngaphezu kwama-half-quarters of centers of trauma ahlolwe izigulane ngegazi.
Nangona ulwazi malunga nokulimala okunxulumene notywala aluphelelanga, izibalo esinazo ziyancipha. Abaphandi baye babonisa ukwanda ngokukhawuleza phakathi kwabafundi beekholeji zaseUnited States ekufeni ngokuphathelele utywala, ukusela kakhulu, kunye nokushayela . Ukwanda kwabasweleko, ngokukodwa phakathi kwabantwana abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya kwimi-24 ubudala, bekukho ngenxa yokulimala kwezithuthi.
Ukufelwa kwezoNinzi ezinxulumene noTywala
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhusela (CDC), ngokusekelwe kwidatha ka-2006-2011, ukuba ngokwesilinganiso, utywala bubangelwa ekufeni kwabantu abangama-4 358 abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-21 ngamnye ngonyaka. Ezi kufa ziquka:
- Ukufa kwabantu abayi-1,580 kwizithuthi
- - 1,269 ukusuka ekuhlaseleni
- 245 ukusuka kotyhefu otywala, uwa, utshise, kwaye udibene
- 492 ukusuka ekuzibulala
Ukufa Wonke amazuzu 51
I-CDC ibonise ukuba ngo-2011 kuphela, malunga ne-188,000 abatsha abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-21 bavakashele izibonelelo eziphuthumayo ngenxa yokulimala okunxulumene notywala, inombolo ephantsi mhlawumbi iphantsi ngenxa yokungabikho kovavanyo lwe-BAC kwiimeko ezininzi ze-ER.
Olunye uphando lufumene ukuba abantu abangaba ngu-30 bafa imihla ngemihla e-US ngokuphazamiseka kwezithuthi ezibandakanya umqhubi ongeyiphutha-malunga nokufa omnye emva kwemizuzu engama-51.
I-97,000 Yokuhlukana ngokwesondo ngamnye ngonyaka
Olunye uphando olufumene utywala lubandakanya umthwalo omkhulu phakathi kwabafundi beekholeji zase-US:
- Abafundi abayi-1,835 abaneminyaka engama-18 ukuya ku-24 bafa ngamnye ngonyaka ngenxa yokulimala okunxilisayo.
- Abafundi abangama-700 000 bahlaselwa ngamnye ngomnye umfundi ophuza.
- Abafundi abangama-97 000 18-24 bafumana ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo okanye ukudlwengulwa komhla.
Ezi zibalo azibandakanyi ezinye, iingxaki zokungabinxilongo kotywala zingabangela abafundi ngokukhokelela kwisigwebo esingalunganga malunga nokubandakanya ukuziphatha okumazi.
Ralph W. Hingson, Sc.D., umlawuli we-NIAAA Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research.
"Kukho imfuno esiphuthumayo yeekholeji kunye noluntu lwasekholejini ukubeka iinkqubo zokukhusela kunye neengcebiso ezijolise ekunxilweni kwabangaphantsi nabaselula."
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. "Ukukhubazeka Ukuqhuba: Yiba Namaqiniso." Ukukhusela nokuLawula ukuLawulwa kweMoto noNovemba ka-2015.
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. "Utywala kunye noThuthuma." Alert Alert
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. "IiNkcazo zeNkunkuma kunye neNkcukacha." Ubume bokuSetyenziswa koTywala ngoMatshi 2015
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. "Ukuphuza Ngaphantsi." Iifayile zeeNkcukacha zikaJanuwari 2016
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo. "Abafundi beKholeji kunye noTywala okuNyango: Izinto ezintsha ezinokunceda." I-Medline Plus Iyawa 2009