Yazi iMithetho
UMthetho waseMerika okhubazekileyo (ADA) ngumthetho woluhlu olubanzi woluntu olukhusela abantu abakhubazekileyo. Yayisayinwa kumthetho ngo-1990 kwaye izibonelelo zayo zandisiwe phantsi koMthetho we-ADA Amendments Act ka-2008.
Ngo-2010, iSebe lezoBulungisa likhuphe isethi ehlaziyiweyo yemigaqo yeenja zenkonzo ngokubhekiselele kwisihloko II (iinkonzo karhulumente kunye noluntu) kunye nesihloko III (indawo yokuhlala kawonkewonke kunye neendawo zorhwebo) ze-ADA.
Le migaqo ijongene namalungelo abasebenzi abasebenzisa inja phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu. Kukho eminye imithetho esebenzayo kwiimeko ezithile, njenge-Air Carrier Access Act ka-1986; uMthetho weZindlu zoLungileyo; kunye noMthetho Wokubuyiswa Kwempahla ka-1973 (okuthi, ngokuyinxalenye, idibanisa ukufikelela kwizinja zokufikelela kwiprogram okanye umsebenzi ofumana uncedo lwemali lwezemali). Nangona kunjalo, i-ADA ngumthetho olawula ulwalamano oluninzi loluntu kunye namaqela enja yenkonzo.
"Iinkonzo Zenkonzo" ichazwe
Ngokukodwa, i-ADA ichaza iilwanyana zenkonzo ngokuthi "izinja eziqeqeshwe ngabanye ukuba zenze umsebenzi okanye zenze imisebenzi kubantu abakhubazekileyo." (Kwiimeko ezithile iifama ezincinci zikwaqwalaselwa njengezilwanyana zesevisi kodwa ezingaphezu kweli nqaku.) Le Ingcaciso ye-ADA yenja yenkonzo ngokubanzi .
Ukungabikho ngokugqithisileyo kweeNkonzo zeNtsholongwane zengqondo kwi-PTSD
I-ADA iyaqhubeka inikeza imizekelo yemisebenzi enokuthi inja yenkonzo inokuyenza, kubandakanya "ukutholisa umntu onengxaki yokuxinzelela emva kokuxinzezeleka (PTSD) ngexesha lokuhlasela okuxhalabileyo." Kodwa ke, izinja zokunceda abantu abanePTSD zidla ngokugqithiswa ngokuthi " izilwanyana zenkxaso "(ii-ESAs), ezingagqitywanga yi-ADA.
I-ADA ichaza ngokucacileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezimbini zeenja, ekuboneni ukuba ii-ESA zinikeza kuphela induduzo okanye inkxaso yemoya, kanti izinja zenkonzo ziye zaqeqeshwa ngokukhethekileyo ukwenza imisebenzi yokunciphisa ukukhubazeka.
Nangona uluntu luqhelekile ekuboneni izinja zesevisi zancedisa abantu ngeempembelelo ezibonakalayo, kukho ukungazi kakhulu xa kufike kwizinja zenkonzo ezincedisa abantu abanokukhubazeka, ngakumbi abo "abaneempilo" ezingabonakaliyo - kuquka i-PTSD.
Yintoni i-PTSD Psychiatric Service Dog?
Izinja ze-PTSD iinkonzo zihlobo lwenkonzo yenkonzo yengqondo. Izinja zenkonzo zengqondo zinjalo nje ngokusemthethweni njengokuba nayiphi na inja yenkonzo, njengenja yokuncedisa inja, inja yokuphawula, okanye "inja". Izinja zenkonzo ze-PTSD zingaqeqeshwa ukwenza nayiphi na inani leemisebenzi zokunciphisa ukukhubazeka, kuquka:
- Ukufumana amayeza
- Ukuguqula izibane nokuvusa umphathi wabo ukuba unobungozi busuku
- Ukukhangela ikhaya ukunciphisa iimpawu zokungagcini
- Ukukhokela umphathi wabo kwikhaya ngexesha le-dissociative episode
- Ukuqalisa ukungenelela kokuthintela xa umphathi enamava aphezulu
- Ukugxininisa umphathi wabo ngexesha le-flashback
Olu luhlu luyisampuli esimeleyo, njengamava omntu ngamnye nge-PTSD eyahlukileyo kwaye ngoko iimbopheleleko zenja nganye yenkonzo zihlukile.
Ukuqonda i-State kunye neMithetho yeSigqeba yeeNkonzo zeenja
Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imisebenzi ethile eyenziwa yinja yenkonzo, xa inokuyenza ngokunyanisekileyo umsebenzi othile wokunciphisa ukukhubazeka, kuthathwa njengenja yenkonzo, kwaye imimiselo ye-ADA iyasebenza kwaye imfuneko yokunyanzeliswa. Nawuphi na umgaqo okanye ummandla wendawo ozama ukukhawuleza, okanye wenze ukukhutshelwa ngakumbi, nayiphi na i-ADA enyanzeliswayo ngenxa yokuba imithetho yommandla okanye yangaphakathi ingahambisani nomthetho we-federal, umthetho wesigqeba ubaluleke kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, amagosa asepolisa aseburhulumenteni ahlawuliswa kuphela ngokunyanzeliswa kwamanye amazwe, kungekhona amashishini, imithetho. Ngoko ke, ukuba isiseko sichasa inxaxheba yenkampani yenja yenkonzo, kwaye imeko ayigcinwanga yimithetho yelizwe ekhoyo, kuphela ukufumana oku kufumaneka ukufaka isikhalazo kwiSebe lezoBulungisa base-US, okanye ufake i-suit in court court. Ukuba kukho imithetho yaseburhulumenteni ekhuselekileyo ukukhusela amalungelo enkonzo yeenja zeenkonzo, kungenzeka ukuba umsebenzi okanye ukusekwa kwenzelwe ukungahlawulwanga kwaye unokuhlawuliswa. Kungenxa yoko ukwazi imithetho yelizwe echaphazelekayo, kunye ne-ADA, iyimfuneko.
Imida malunga neeNja zeNkonzo kwiQeqesho
Izinja zeenkonzo ekuqeqesheni (i-SDIT) azifakwe ngumthetho wesigqeba, kodwa ezininzi zinika igunya lokuba i-SDIT inikwe ukukhuselwa okufanayo njengabo baqeqeshiweyo ngokupheleleyo.
Nangona kunjalo, imimiselo ngamanye amaxesha idibanisa kuphela ukukhubazeka okuthe ngqo, ngokuqhelekileyo ingabandakanyi i-PTSD kunye nezinye iimeko zengqondo. Ukongezelela, ezinye zezo mithetho zikhawuleza kuphela izinja zokuqeqeshwa eziqeqeshwe yimibutho eqinisekisiweyo karhulumente, kungekhona izinja zenkonzo zokuqeqeshwa (OTSDs).
Kuphi na iNkundla yeenkonzo zeenjazi ezinokuthi ziqulunqwe phantsi komthetho waseburhulumenteni?
Njengoko i-ADA, inja yenkonzo ivumelekile ukuba ihambe kunye nabaphathi bayo kwiindawo ezivulelekileyo kuluntu, kubandakanywa neevenkile kunye neevenkile zokutya (nokuba iikhowudi zempilo zengingqi okanye zengingqi ziyakwenqabela izilwanyana kwindawo). Izinja zeenkonzo zivunyelwe nakwamagumbi okuhlolwa esibhedlele kunye namagumbi okugula. Ukuphela kokuphela kokufikelela ngokubanzi koluntu kuya kuba yindawo apho ubukho bejaji buya kuphazamisa impilo kunye nokhuseleko lwabanye, njengamagumbi okusebenza esibhedlele kunye namaziko okutshisa apho insimu engenakunokuchaphazeleka kakubi khona.
Izinja zeenkonzo zingabandakanywa kwiindawo ezithile phantsi komgaqo "wokuguqulwa okuyisiseko" we-ADA, othi ulungiso "luya kuguqula ngokukodwa uhlobo lweempahla, iinkonzo, amaziko, amalungelo, inzuzo, okanye indawo yokuhlala" enikezelwa ishishini lebhizinisi, ishishini alingadingi ukutshintsha iipolisi zalo.
Ngokomzekelo, inja ekhwankqisayo iya kuguqula ngokusisiseko iinkonzo ezinikezelwa ngumbonwakude okanye kwihholo lekhonsathi. Ngelo xesha, umqeshwa angacela ukuba inja isuswe. Nangona kunjalo, umqeshwa akanako ukulungelelanisa ukungena kwiqela leenja zenkonzo ngokubhekiselele kwixhala lokuba inja ingabetha. Izinja zenkonzo zingasadingeka ukuba zihambe xa zingabikho zendlu, okanye ukuba "zingekho phantsi kolawulo" kwaye umnini akazuzanga ukulawula kakuhle isilwanyana.
Uloyiko, i-Allergies, "Akukho zifuyo," kunye nezinye iziPhene zoLungiso
Ukungabi noyiko lwezinja okanye ukunyamezela kwizinja zizathu ezivakalayo zokubamba iqela lenkonzo yenja ukusuka kwisebe. Kwimeko yoluhlu olunzima kunye neendawo ezabelwana ngazo, indawo yokuhlala kufuneka yenziwe ngamabini omabini, ukwahlula ezimbini njengoko kunokwenzeka.
Izimpawu "ezingekho zifuywayo" kwizikhundla azisebenzi kwizinja zenkonzo njengoko zingekho izilwanyana . Izibhengezo zingenakuchaza "ilungelo lokunqaba inkonzo" njengesizathu sokwenqaba ukungena kwiinqela zezinja zenkonzo kunokuba zingabhenela ukuba zinqabe inkonzo kumntu ngokusekelwe kubuhlanga okanye ngesini, njengoko abantu abakhubazekileyo babonwa njengeklasi ekhuselekile.
Ingaba yiProprietor Ngamana-kwaye Awuyi kucela kwi-Handler
Ukuba abanikazi bezakhiwo abaqinisekanga ukuba inja yinkomo okanye inja yenkonzo, banokubuza imibuzo emibini kakhulu-kwaye akukho nto enye:
- Ingaba inja inkonzo yenja?
- Nguwuphi umsebenzi okanye umsebenzi oye waqeqeshwa ukwenza inja?
Amalungu abasebenzi ayanqatshelwe ukuba babuze malunga nokukhubazeka komphathi okanye bafuna ukuba inja yenkonzo yenze nayiphi na imisebenzi eqeqeshelwe ukuba yenze. Umqhubi akadingeki ukuba anikezele uluhlu olupheleleyo lweminye imisebenzi inja yenkonzo inokuyenza; Ukuqamba umsebenzi omnye kukwanele.
Ukongezelela, i-ADA ithi ngokucacileyo ukuba abasebenzi abanakudinga "amaxwebhu enyango," "ikhadi elichongiweyo" okanye "amaxwebhu okuqeqesha." Oko kuthetha ukuba inja yenkonzo ayifuni ikhadi, itekethi ekhutshwe ngurhulumente okanye olawulo lendawo, isitya okanye nayiphina into ebonakalayo ebonakalayo yokuvunyelwa ukufikelela. Ukufuna enye yezinto ezihambelanayo ne-ADA.
Ngaba zixhobo ezifunekayo zokusetyenziswa kweNja yeNkonzo?
Isixhobo esisodwa esikhankanywe kwi-ADA yi-leash, i-harness, okanye i-tether. Kwaye oko kuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zomthengisi. Ukuba i-leash, i-harness, okanye i-tether iphazamisa inkolelo yenja yenkonzo yokwenza imisebenzi yayo, umphathi angakwazi ukulawula inja ngokusebenzisa ukusetyenziswa kwezwi okanye izandla zomqondiso okanye ezinye iindlela ezifanelekileyo.
Uxanduva lwabaSebenzi kunye nabaSebenzi beNja
Ngoxa abasebenzi bezinja benkonzo bangalindela ukuhlangana nabasebenzi abangaqhelekanga kumalungiselelo e-ADA, ukungazi umthetho akusiyo isizathu sokuchaswa. Abaphathi bezinja zenkonzo banembopheleleko yokugcina ukulawulwa kweenja zabo zokuziphatha kakuhle; abo baqhuba indawo yokuhlala kawonkewonke banomthwalo wokwazi imithetho malunga neenja zeenja zeenkonzo kunye nokuzivumela ukuba zifikelele njengoko zichazwe kwi-ADA.