Oogqirha kufuneka baphilise, kungekhona ukulimaza izigulane zabo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha bayabangela ingozi ngokumisela iziyobisi, ezinokuba nemiphumo emibi yecala, ukuba ngumlutha, nokuba yingozi. Eli nqaku lichaza iinkcukacha ezinesihlanu zonyango ezona zibulalayo, ezikhupha ixabiso lokufa kwezilwanyana zokuzonwabisa, ezifana ne-heroin kunye ne-cocaine.
Ngelixa abaninzi abantu abafa ngenxa yale miyeza yonyango bayamiselwa, abanye abantu bafa ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisa imithi enqunywe kwabanye abantu. Ngethuba uthabatha la mayeza, kwezinye iimeko, kunengqiqo, abantu abaninzi banqunywe ngokugqithiseleyo la mayeza okanye bawasebenzise ngokungafanelekanga. Bangathatha inhlanganisela eyingozi kunye nezinye iziyobisi okanye utywala, sebenzisa iisitifiketi eziphezulu kunokuba zisetyenziswe, okanye sebenzisa iisitifiketi ezilungeleyo xa ziphezulu ubunzima bomzimba okanye zinyamezela.
Ukuba unikwe enye yale myeza, kunokuba kuqikelele ukuphonononga ezinye iinketho, ezifana nezindlela zengqondo okanye zokuziphatha zokuphatha ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki, ukuphazamiseka kokulala okanye intlungu. Kufuneka uqaphele ngakumbi ngokuqala ukuthabatha la mayeza xa wena okanye ilungu lentsapho liye lahlaselwa yi-addiction okanye enye ingxaki yempilo yengqondo. Nangona kunjalo, xa uwathatha, akufanele uyeke okanye uthathe umlinganiselo othile ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho kuqala.
1 - i-Painkillers
Nangona inani labantu abafumana intlungu alizange litshintshe, inani labantu abathatha i- painkillers ukujongana nentlungu yabo sele landa kakhulu. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu kwanda kwindlela yokusebenzisa i-painkiller, isantya sabantu abafa ngenxa yokudluleka kwamagqabi e-odysmith, njengoko i-Oxycodone (njenge-OxyContin), i-Hydrocodone (njenge-Vicodin) kunye ne-Fentanyl, iye yanda kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo. Ngo-2014, abangaphezu kwama-14,000 aseMerika bafa ngokuthatha i-anti-medinisters. Funda malunga neentlanzi ezilishumi ezilumkileyo zentlungu .
2 - iMethadone
Ukuthetha ngokukhawuleza, i- methadone yi-painkiller yegciwane, nangona, ngokwenene, abantu badla ngokumisela i-methadone ukuba bancothule i- heroin , okanye njenge-substituted heroin. Xa zisetyenziselwa ukuphatha umlutha we-heroin, i-methadone icingelwa njengento engaphantsi kwezinto ezimbini ezimbi. Nangona ikhuselekile kune heroin, kusekho ukudlula i-methadone. Njengamanye ama-opioid, i-methadone inobungozi kakhulu xa idibaniswa nezinye iziyobisi, xa abasebenzisi bathatha amanani ahlukeneyo athatywalayo amancinci, emva koko babuyela kwisifo esiphephile ngaphambili, kuba ukunyamezela kuyahla, okanye emva kokulahleka kobunzima.
3 - Benzodiazepines
I-Benzodiazepines liqela lezonyango ezixilisayo, eziye zamiselwa iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ngokuxhalabisa nokulala. Ezi zi yobisi ziquka amayeza aqhelekileyo, njenge-alprazolam (Xanax), i-chlordiazepoxide (iLibrium), i-diazepam (iValium) kunye ne-lorazepam (i-Ativan), kunye ne-clonazepam (i-Klonopin), i-oxazepam (i-Serax) kunye ne-temazepam (i-Restoril). Ngelishwa kulabo abathatha ixesha elingaphezu kwexesha elifutshane kakhulu, ukuxhomekeka kunokuthi kuphuhliswe, kunye nesifo esinokubangela ukuyeka ukuhlaselwa. Nangona iingxaki ze-benzodiazepines ziye zaziwa ngokuyiminyaka, imiqathango yalezi zonyango iye yanda, kwaye ukufa kwavela kwi-benzodiazepine overdose kuye kwanda ngakumbi.
4 - Izikhuthazo zokuKhathazeka kweNgcaciso yeMali
Uninzi lwaba-4-9 ekhulwini labantwana kunye namaphesenti angama-4 abantu abadala abanenkathazo yokukhathazeka bayathabatha imithi evuselelayo, njengoRitalin , ngaphandle kweengxaki. Nangona kunjalo, zimbini izizathu zokuba izikhuthazo zifakwe kuloluhlu: okokuqala, kuba zihlala zichazwe kubantwana; kwaye okwesibini, kuba badla ngokusetyenziswa njengezidakamizwa zokuzonwabisa, "baphambukiswa" okanye bathengiswe kubantu abangazange banikezelwe, okanye bathathwe ngobuninzi kunokuba baqulunqe ukuzonwabisa okanye ukwandisa ukuphaphazela. Ziqhele ukusetyenziswa ngabafundi beekholeji zezi zizathu. Nangona kunjalo kukho umngcipheko. Ngo-2010, amaziko enetyhefu e-US abike i-17,000 ukuchasana kwabantu kwii-ADHD, kunye neepesenti ezingama-80 ezivela kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-19 ubudala kunye nama-20 ekhulwini kubantu abadala. Kwaye ngoxa ukufa kwezinto ezigqithiseleyo kungagwenywa ngokunyamekelwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, kunokuthi kwenzeke, kunye nokugqithisa iyeza ze-ADHD kunokubangela ukuba abantu bagule kakhulu, kunye neemeko ezininzi ezifuna unyango olunzulu kunye nexesha lokuhlala esibhedlele. Intlangano phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwezikhuthazo kunye nokufa okungaqhelekanga okungaqhelekanga kubantwana kunye nabaselula baye bafunyanwa. Kukho ezinye iindlela zokunakekelwa kweziyobisi ezingekho kweziyobisi zokungabikho kwengxaki, njengengxaki ye-neurofeedback, enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo.
5 - Anabolic Steroids
I-anabolic androgenic steroids, ngokuthe ngqongqo, iziyobisi zonyango, nangona zihlala zithathwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingezonyango, ngokukodwa ngabantu abafuna ukwandisa ubunzima babo besisipha. Abaqulunqwa ngabasebenzi kunye nabagijimi, abasengozini yokusebenzisa umlutha, baphakathi kwabo banokusetyenziswa kwezi nkunkuma. Izifundo eziliqela zibonise ingozi ehambelana nokusetyenziswa kwe-steroids. Omnye wabonisa ukuba amadoda abavavanyayo abane-steroid ayenokuphindwa kabili kwiirhafu zesifo senhliziyo kunye nokufa njengalezo ezineemvavanyo ezimbi, kunye nezinye zibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezinobungozi. Kukhona intlangano phakathi kobudlova obuphezulu kunye nobundlobongela kubasebenzisi be-steroid, kunye namazinga aphakamileyo ezinobundlobongela bokufa, njengokubulala nokuzibulala.
> Imithombo:
> I-Darke S, i-Torok M, i-Duflou J, ukufa ngokungazelelwe okanye okungaqhelekanga okubandakanya i-anabolic-androgenic steroids. I-Journal ye-Forensic Sciences, 59 (4): 1025-8. 2014.
> Frati, Paola, Busardgrave ;, Francesco P., Cipolloni, Luigi, De Dominicis, Enrico, Fineschi, Vittorio, i-Anabolic kunye ne-androgenic steroid (AAS) ezihlobene nokufa: I-autoptic, i-histopathological and thexicological findings.Current Neuropharmacology, 13 (1): 146 -159. 2015.
> Rudd, Rose A., Aleshire, Noah, Zibbell, Jon E., Gladden, Matthew. Ukwandiswa kwezidakamizwa kunye no-Opioid Overdose Ukufa; EUnited States,. Ukuphathwa kakubi kunye nokufa kweveki yeeveki (MMWR), 64: 1378-82. 2016.
> Spiller, uHenry A., Hays, uHannah L., uAleguas, uAlfred Jr. Ukugqithiswa kwezidakamizwa ukwenzela ukunyamekela-Ukuphulukana nokuxhatshazwa komzimba: Ukunikezelwa kweeNkliniki, iindlela zoTywala kunye noLawulo. CNS iziyobisi, 27: 531-543. 2013.
> Thiblin I; Garmo H; Garle M; Holmberg L; Byberg L; Michsson K; I-Gedeborg R, i-Anabolic steroids kunye nobungozi benhliziyo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuxhomekeka kotywala, 52: 87-92. 2015