Ukuchaphazela i-heuristic yindlela yokufutshane yokuhamba kwengqondo apho abantu benza izigqibo ezichaphazela kakhulu iimvakalelo zabo zangoku. Okubalulekileyo, ukuchaphazeleka kwakho (ixesha lezengqondo kwimpendulo yomzwelo) lidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhethweni nasezigqibo ozenzayo.
Kungenakufika into emangalisayo ukuva ukuba iimvakalelo zakho zichaphazela zonke iintlobo zezigqibo, zombini ezinkulu kunye ezincinci.
Emva kwakho konke, usenokuba uyazi ukuba unako ukubeka ingozi okanye uzame izinto ezintsha xa unoyolo, kodwa kuncipha ukuba ungaphumi kwinqanaba xa uziva u-glum. Ukuba uye wahamba 'nesisu sokuvakalelwa' xa ujongene nesigqibo esinzima, mhlawumbi uthembele kwiimpembelelo ze-heuristic.
Ichaphazela njani umsebenzi weHeuristic?
Kwengqondo, i- heuristic yindlela yokufutshane yokugcina ingqondo evumela abantu ukuba benze izigqibo ngokukhawuleza nangokufanelekileyo. Kule meko indlela ozizwa ngayo (ichaphazela) malunga nokukhuthaza okuthile okuchaphazela izigqibo ozenzayo. Iimvakalelo zakho malunga "ubuhle" okanye "ubungendawo" bomntu othile, into, okanye umsebenzi ochaphazela izigqibo ozenzayo ekugqibeleni.
Ngoko ingakanani imizwa yakho inokuba nompembelelo ekuthathweni kwezigqibo zakho kwaye yintoni inokuthi ibe nefuthe ebomini bakho?
- Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba xa unesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo, unokubona ukuba umsebenzi unemivuzo ephezulu kunye nobungozi obuphantsi.
- Ukuba isimo sakho sengqondo sibi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, unomdla wokubona umsebenzi ungaphantsi kwezibonelelo kwaye ukhusele kakhulu.
Imizekelo yeCandelo leMveli
Ngokomzekelo, cinga imeko apho abantwana ababini bafika khona epakini yendawo yokudlala. Omnye umntwana uchithe ixesha elide edlala xa eguqula indlu yommelwane, ngoko ke akanalo iimvakalelo ezintle xa ebona ukuthungwa kusekwe epakini.
Ngokukhawuleza wenza isigqibo sokuba iziganeko ziya kumnandi (inzuzo ephezulu, umngcipheko omncinci) kwaye ugijima ukudlala kwi-swings.
Omnye umntwana, nangona kunjalo, kungekudala, wayenamava amaninzi ngelixa edlala kwi-swings kwindlu yomhlobo. Xa ebona iimpendulo epakini, udonsa kule memori engakonakaliyo kwaye uyagqiba ukuba ukuguquka kukukhetha okubi (inzuzo ephantsi, ingozi enkulu).
Impembelelo yoHlelo lweMveli
Kunjengezinye i-heuristics, ezichaphazela i-heuristic inezinzuzo kunye nezibi. Nangona iifutshane zengqondo zivumela abantu ukuba benze izigqibo ezinokukhawuleza kunye nezicwangciso ezinokuthi zichaneke, ziyakwazi ukukhokelela ekubeni kwenziwe izigqibo ezimbi.
Cinga indlela ukuthengisa ngethuba ngamanye amaxesha kungenza imisebenzi engafanelekanga njengokutshaya okanye ukutya ukutya okungabonakaliyo kubonakala kubonakale kwaye kukhangeleka. Ezi ntengiso ngezinye izihlandlo zingasichaphazela iimvakalelo zabathengi, ezinokubangela izigqibo zempilo ezingalunganga kunye nokuziphatha okuyingozi ezingaba nemiphumo emibi, emide.
Uvavanyo luka-1978 olwenziwa nguFischhoff et al. wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekufundweni kokuchaphazela i-heuristic. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba izigwebo zeenzuzo kunye nobungozi bezidibanisa kakubi-enkulu inzuzo ebonakalayo, engaphantsi kwengozi.
Ngethuba elifanayo, ukuziphatha okubungozi kubonakala ngathi, iincinci ezithathwa njengezona zinzuzo.
Ukuziphatha okufana nokusela utywala kunye nokubhema kubonwa njengengozi enkulu, incinci-inzuzo ngelixa ezinye izinto ezinjenge-antibiotics kunye neentsholongwane zibonwa njengenzuzo ephezulu, inobungozi obuphantsi.
Abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba iimvakalelo zinokuchaphazela izigwebo zabantu abazenzayo malunga nolwazi lwamanani. Kwisifundo esithile, iiklinikhi zanikezwa ngamanani e-recidivism anikezelwa njengamathuba (njengama-30%) okanye amaziko (njengama-30 kuma-100).
Iiklinikhi zivakalisa izigulane zempilo yengqondo njengoko zibonisa umngcipheko ophezulu xa amanani anikezwa njengezikhundla kunokuba kunokwenzeka.
Ngoba? Abaphengululi bacetyisa ukuba ukubonisa idatha njengeziphumo zikhokelela kwizigwebo ezigqithiseleyo kunxalenye yeekliniki kuba lidala umfanekiso wengqondo yomntu oyeka ukubuyela kwiminyaka yabo yokuziphatha.
ILizwi
Kucacile ukuba ukuchaphazela i-heuristic kunokuba nefuthe elinamandla kwizigqibo ezinkulu kunye ezincinci. Ngoko ke unokwenza ntoni ukukhusela iimvakalelo ezibangelwa kukuthatha izigqibo ezingalunganga. Ukuqaphela nje ukuba le nto inokuba luncedo. Mhlawumbi ngokwazi kwakho ukunyamekela iimvakalelo zakho neemvakalelo zakho, uya kuba nokukwazi ukwenza iinjongo ezingakumbi kunye nezigqibo ezicacileyo kwixesha elizayo.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukuthetha nomntu wesithathu kunokuba yindlela efanelekileyo yokuzithiba. Ngexesha elilandelayo kufuneka wenze isigqibo ngethuba lomzuzu, mthabathe umzuzu ukuthetha ngokuzenzekelayo usebenzisa umntu wesithathu. Oku kunokukunceda uhlale uzolile, uqokelelwe, kwaye unyaka-ophezulu, isicwangciso esinokuthintela izigqibo ezimbi ezenziwe ngushisa lomzuzu.
Imithombo:
Reisberg, D. I-Oxford Handbook yeCognitive Psychology. I-Oxford: I-Oxford University Press; 2013.
IsiSlovic, i-P, i-Finucane, i-ML, i-Peters, i-E, ne-MacGregor, i-DG. Ichaphazela i-heuristic. I-European Journal yoPhando loPhando. 2007; 177: 1333-1352. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.ejor.2005.04.046