I-homeostasis ibhekisela kwisidingo somzimba sokufikelela nokugcina imeko ethile yokulingana. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lisetyenziselwa ukubhekisela ekutheni umzimba ujonge ukubeka iliso nokugcina amazwe angaphakathi njengamazinga okushisa kunye namandla kumanqanaba athile kwaye azinzileyo.
Ukujonga ngakumbi kwi-homeostasis
I-homeostasis yegama laqala ngokuqulunqwa yi-psychologist egama linguWalter Cannon ngo-1926.
Eli gama libhekisela kumandla omzimba wokulawula iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zemizimba ukuze kugcinwe amazwe angaphakathi azinzileyo kwaye alinganisekile. Ezi nkqubo zenzeka kakhulu ngaphandle kokuqonda kwethu.
Iinkqubo zethu zolawulo lwangaphakathi ziyaziwa njengento echaziweyo yezinto ezahlukeneyo. Oku kufana ne-thermostat endlwini yakho okanye inkqubo ye-A / C kwimoto yakho. Emva kokusekwa kwinqanaba elithile, ezi nkqubo zisebenza ukugcina amazwe angaphakathi kula mazinga.
Xa izinga lokushisa liwela endlwini yakho, i-furnace iya kuvuleka kwaye ifudumele izinto ukuya kwiqondo lokushisa eliphambili. Ngendlela efanayo, ukuba kukho into engekho emgangathweni emzimbeni wakho, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zempendulo zomzimba ziza kukhawulela kude kube yinto echazwe kwakhona.
I-homeostasis ibandakanya izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:
1. Inkcazo ecacileyo
2. Ukukwazi ukufumanisa ukuphambuka kule ndawo
3. Izimpendulo zendlela yokuziphatha nezomzimba ezilungiselelwe ukubuyisela umzimba kwisicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo
Umzimba wakho ubeke iziganeko zezinto ezahlukeneyo kuquka ukushisa, ubunzima, ukulala, ukoma, kunye nendlala.
Enye into evelele yokukhuthaza abantu, eyaziwa ngokuba yinkqubo yokunciphisa i-drive , ibonisa ukuba ukungalingani kwe-homeostatic kudala izidingo. Le mfuneko yokubuyisela ibhalansi iqhuba abantu ukuba benze izenzo eziya kubuyisa umzimba kwiimeko ezifanelekileyo.
Umzimba Ulawula njani Ukushisa?
Xa ucinga nge-homeostasis, ubushushu busenokuza kuqala engqondweni. Yona yezona ndlela ezibalulekileyo kunye neendlela eziqhelekileyo ze-homeostatic. Zonke izilwanyana, ukusuka kwizilwanyana ezincinci ukuya kwiibhaktheriya ezincinci, kufuneka zigcine ukushisa okufanelekileyo ukuze ziphile. Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukukwazi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba oluzinzileyo ziquka indlela ezi nkqubo zilawulwa ngayo kunye nobukhulu becala bendalo.
Ezinye izidalwa, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-endotherms okanye "izilwanyana ezifudumalayo", zifeze oku ngeenkqubo zangaphakathi zomzimba. Izinyoni kunye nezilwanyana (kuquka nabantu) ziphela. Ezinye izidalwa zi-ectotherms (aka "blood-blooded") kwaye zithembele kwimithombo yangaphandle ukulawula ukushisa komzimba. Iindwendwe kunye nama-amphibians zombini i-ectotherms.
Qaphela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba imihlathi efudumalayo kunye negazi elibandayo ayithethi ukuba ezi ziphilayo zineempuphu ezahlukeneyo zegazi. Le migaqo ibhekisela kwindlela ezi zidalwa ezigcina ngayo amaqondo okushisa omzimba wangaphakathi.
I-homeostasis iphinde ifuthe kumlinganiselo wenyama, okanye ngokukodwa, ubungakanani bomhlaba ophezulu. Izidalwa ezikhulu zinomthamo womzimba omkhulu, obangela ukuba bavelise ukushisa komzimba.
Izilwanyana ezincinci, ngakolunye uhla, zivelise ukushisa komzimba ongaphantsi kodwa zibe nomlinganiselo ophezulu ophezulu kumlinganiselo. Balahlekelwa ukushisa komzimba kunokuba bavelise, ngoko iinkqubo zabo zangaphakathi kufuneka zisebenze nzima ngakumbi ukugcina ukushisa komzimba.
Iimpendulo Zendlela Yokuziphatha Nezimpembelelo
Njengoko kuthethwe ngaphambili, i-homeostasis ibandakanya zombini izimpendulo zomzimba kunye nokuziphatha. Ngokwendlela yokuziphatha, unokufuna iimpahla ezifudumele okanye i-patch yelanga xa uqala ukuziva ukhululekile. Xa uqala ukuziva utyunyiwe, ungaphinda ulungele umzimba wakho ngaphakathi kwaye ugcine iingalo zakho zisondele emzimbeni wakho ukuze uhlale ushushu.
Njengoko kuphelile, abantu banayo inani leenkqubo zangaphakathi ezikunceda ukulawula ukushisa komzimba.
Njengokuba mhlawumbi sele uyayazi, abantu baneqondo lokushisa lomzimba we-98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Xa ukushisa komzimba wakho kudibanisa ngaphantsi kweli nqaku, libeka inani leempendulo zemizimba ukuze uncede ukubuyisela imali. Imithambo yegazi kwiimida zomzimba ukukhawulela ukukhusela ukulahleka kobushushu. Ukukhupha kunceda kwakhona umzimba ukuvelisa ukushisa okukhulu.
Umzimba uphendula kwakhona xa amaqondo okushisa ahamba ngaphezu kwama-98.6 degrees. Ngaba uye wakhawula ukuba ulusu lwakho luba njani xa ushushu? Lo ngumzimba wakho uzama ukubuyisela ibhalansi yokushisa. Xa ushushu kakhulu, imivenge yakho yegazi iyancipha ukuze ikhuphe ukushisa komzimba. Ukupasa ngenye indlela eqhelekileyo yokunciphisa ubushushu bomzimba, yingakho udla ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ushubile ngosuku olushushu kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Frebert, LA (2010). Ukufumanisa i-Psychology. EBelmont, CA: iWadsworth.
> Homeostasis. (2001). ICorsini Encyclopedia ye-Psychology kunye neSayensi yeNtsebenzo, uMqulu 2, Craighead, WE, & Nemeroff, CB (Eds.). ENew York: uJohn Wiley & Son.