Uncedo lokuLonga, ukuLapha, nokuPhatha iimpawu zokuLawula
Ngenxa yokuxhaphaza kwinani lezantsana ezizalwe zizidakamizwa ngenxa yokusetyenziswa koomama ngelixa zikhulelwe, abantwana bezilwanyana kunye nezibhedlele banikezwe izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo zokuchonga, ukubeka esweni kunye nokunyanga iintsana eziza kubhenela kwizibilini kunye nezinye iziyobisi esibelethweni.
Izikhokelo ze-American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ziyimpendulo kuloko iqela libiza ukwanda okwesabisayo kwiintsana ezisalula.
Kwezinye iindawo, ukuya kwi-25% yabantwana abasanda kuzalwa kwiiyunithi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezincinci zonyango zilapha ukurhoxiswa kweziyobisi.
Ubunzima bokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa
Ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi zonyango kunyuke kulo lonke ibhodi, abaninzi balabo abanomlwelwe kwi-papiillers opioid baquka abafazi abakhulelweyo. Ngenxa yoko, kubekho ukwanda okuhambelanayo kwinani labatsha abasweleyo abafumana iimpawu zokurhoxisa iziyobisi.
Ezinye iintsana zizalwe ngumlutha kuba oomama bafumana unyango lwezonyango ngenxa yokuxilongwa kweziyobisi kunye ne- methadone okanye i- buprenorphine . Abanye oomama banomlutha ngokunyanisekileyo kwi-heroin, i-cocaine, okanye ezinye iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
Kodwa emva kokusetyenziswa kakubi kwepilisi yentsholongwane, ezininzi iintsana ezibonisa iimpawu zokurhoxiswa kweziyobisi emva kokuzalwa ziyenjenjalo ngenxa yokuba oomama bayaphatha kakubi okanye banomlutha kwi-painkillers. Amaziko okuLawula izifo azisa ingxelo yokuba ukungasebenzisi kwezobisi ze-opioids kuye kwafikelela ububanzi bhubhane eUnited States kwiminyaka emihlanu edlulileyo.
Izikhokelo ezintsha ezishicilelweyo
Ezinye iintsana ezityhila kwizidakamizwa esibelethweni azifumananga zibonakaliso zokuhoxiswa kuzo zonke, ingxelo ye-AAP yathi; Ezinye zineempawu zonyango zokunxila, kodwa ezinye zinokutshintshisa kakhulu , apho kwiimeko ezimbi kakhulu zingaba zibulale.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ezi zintsholongwane ezixhamliweyo zichongwa kwaye zinikezelwa unyango olufanelekileyo, i-AAP ipapashwe izikhokelo ezihlaziyiweyo kwiphepha lePediatrics .
Izikhokelo ziquka "iindlela ezisekelwe kubungqina bendlela yokuphathwa kwintsana ebhedlele efuna ukuncwina kuma-analgesics okanye sedatives."
I-AAP icebisa ukuba zonke izibhedlele zifake inkqubo yokukhusela oomama ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kunye neentsana ngokuza kubakho iziyobisi ngokuvavanya umchamo womntwana kunye ne-meconium.
Izibonakaliso zeNtsana yokuLawula iMithi
Izimpawu zokurhoxiswa kweziyobisi ezincinane zingabandakanya:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa
- Ukugubha
- Ukuxhamla
- Ukuvutha
- Ukunyanyisa ukukhala
Iimpawu zexesha elide zingabandakanya iziphene zokuzalwa, ukukhula okungahambi kakuhle kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha.
Uhlobo lweZonyango
Izinyathelo zokonyango eziphakanyiswe zizikhokelo zoluhlu ukususela nje ukwenza umntwana alukhulule ngakumbi - ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kokukhanya kunye nesandi, okanye ukukhwabanisa kunye nokugubungela - ukusebenzisa amayeza ukuba unciphise imodareyitha yokuzikhupha.
Ukuba umntwana osandul 'ukuzalwa akasaphenduli kwenkxaso yokududuza kwaye ibonisa iimpawu zokumodareyitha okanye ukukhwabanisa okukhulu, i-AAP icebisa unyango lwe-pharmacological ukukhusela umkhuhlane, ukulahleka kwesisindo kunye nokuthinjelwa.
Ngokutsho kwe-AAP, oogqirha baye baphatha iimpawu zokurhoxiswa kwezidakamizwa kwiintsana ezilungiselelweyo, kuquka i-opium (i-opium, i-opium, i-neonatal morphine isisombululo, i-methadone, ne-paregoric), i-barbiturates (phenobarbital), i-benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam), i-clonidine , kunye ne-phenothiazines (chlorpromazine).
Utyando lwe-Pharmacological Not Always Best
Nangona kunjalo, izikhokelo ziqaphele ukuba unyango lwezonyango alisoloko lulungele ukhetho kuba luya kwandisa ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kweziyobisi kunye nokwandisa ukuhlala esibhedlele, okungabangela ubungozi bokubeletha kwabantwana.
Ukusetyenziswa kwamachiza ukunyanga iimpawu zokurhoxisa iintsana kunokubanceda ukuba umama abe nethambekelo lokuthembela kwiziyobisi ukuphatha kakubi umntwana okanye ukuziphatha kakubi, i-AAP ilumkisa.
Izikhokelo ze-AAP zibonisa ukuba inzuzo yonyani kuphela yokusebenzisa unyango lwe-pharmacologic kunye neentsana ezinomlutha yinkxaso-futshane yeempawu zokuhoxiswa.
UMark Hudak, MD, umlobi okhokelayo wesikhokelo esandisiweyo, wathi inkinga ejongene nabahlengikazi bafumana isilungiso samachiza ekunciphiseni iimpawu zeentlungu kunye nentlungu ngaphandle kokubanika imishanguzo eninzi kangangokuthi iba ngumlutha.
Izikhokelo ezipheleleyo zifumaneka kwi-inthanethi kwifomati yePD.
Umthombo: Hudak, ML, et al. "Ukuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa." Pediatrics . 30 uJanuwari 2012.