Ngaba ukukhathazeka ngokwezityalo? Ukuba uye wafumanisa ukuba unesifo sengxaki yentlalo (SAD), unokuzibuza ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba uhlakulele ukugula.
Izifo zeGenesis kunye neNtlalo yokuxhalabisa
Ukuba unesidanga sokuqala esinxulumene ne-SAD, unokuba ngu-2 kuya kweethathu ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuphuhlisa ingxaki. Ingxube yezofuzo zesifo sokuxhalabisa abantu, eyaziwa nangokuthi "ukulungeleka" kwesi sifo, kuye kwaqikelelwa malunga ne-30% ukuya kwi-40%, nto leyo ithetha ukuba malunga nesithathu kwezona zimbangela ze-SAD zivela kwi-genetics yakho.
Ukuhlambuluka kungumlinganiselo wendlela eyahluka ngayo kwi-phenotype (impawu, uphawu, okanye umzimba) ocingelwa ukuba ubangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo phakathi kwabantu. Utshintsho olusalayo ludla ngokubhekiselele kwimimandla engqongileyo. Izifundo zokulungela ngokuqhelekileyo ziqikelele ukuxhaswa ngokulinganayo kwemfuza kunye nemeko yendalo kwimeko okanye ethile.
Kuze kube ngoku, abaphandi abazange bafumene i-genetic makeup edibene ne-SAD. Noko ke, baye bafumana i-chromosomes ethile edibene nezinye izifo ezinokukhathazeka ezifana ne-agoraphobia kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki .
Ngenxa yokuba i-SAD ikwabelana ngeziganeko ezininzi kunye nezinye iingxaki zokuxhalabisa, mhlawumbi ukuba isakhiwo esithile se-chromosome ekugqibeleni sidibaniswe kwisifo. Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba unayo i-SAD, mhlawumbi unamajethi athile okwenza ukuba ulungele ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki.
Iingxaki ze-Neurotransmitter and Social Social Disorder
Ukuba unengxaki yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle, kukho ukungalingani kwamachiza athile kwiingqondo zakho, ezibizwa ngokuba ngama-neurotransmitters.
Ezi zi-neurotransmitters zisetyenziswe ingqondo yakho ukuthumela iimpawu ukusuka kwelinye iseli ukuya kwesinye.
Iinguvo ezine ze- neurotransmitters zingadlala indima kwi-SAD: i-norepinephrine, i-serotonin, i-dopamine kunye ne- gamma-aminobutyric acid (i-GABA).
Abantu abanenkinga yokuxhalaba kwintlalo baye baboniswa ukuba banokungalingani okufanayo kwala ma-neurotransmitter njengabantu abane-agoraphobia kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengxaki.
Abaphandi baqala ukuqonda ngokuchanekileyo ukuba ezi khemikhali zihlobene njani ne-SAD.
Ukuqonda indlela ezi zixhobo zeengqondo ezichaphazelekayo kunye neengxaki zentlalo yoluntu kubalulekile ukufumanisa amayeza angcono kunyango.
Izakhiwo zeBongo kunye neNtlalo yokuxhalabisa
Kanye nje ngokuba i-x-ray isetyenziselwa "ukubona ngaphakathi" umzimba wakho, into efanayo inokwenziwa ngengqondo yakho. Abaphandi bezonyango basebenzisa ubugcisa obubizwa ngokuthi "neuroimaging" ukudala umfanekiso wengqondo.
Ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, abaphandi bavame ukujonga ukungafani kokuhamba kwegazi kwiindawo ezithile zeengqondo kubantu abaziwa ngokuba neengxaki ezithile.
Siyazi ukuba iinkalo ezine zobuchopho zibandakanyeka xa ufumana uxhalaba:
- ubuchopho buba (ulawula izinga lentliziyo yakho nokuphefumla)
- inkqubo yesigxina (imiphumo yesimo sakho kunye nexinzelelo)
- i-correx ye-prefrontal (inceda ukuba ufumane ingozi kunye nengozi)
- imoto ye-cortex (ilawula izihlunu zakho)
Uphononongo olulodwa lokuhamba kwegazi kwingqondo lufumene ukungafani kwintliziyo ye-phobics yoluntu xa uthetha esidlangalaleni. Kule sifundo, basebenzisa uhlobo lwe-neuroimaging ebizwa ngokuba yi "Positron Emission Tomography" (PET).
Imifanekiso ye-PET ibonise ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zokuxhalaba kweentlalo baye bandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-amygdala yabo, inxalenye yesimilly system ehambelana noyiko.
Ngokwahlukileyo, imifanekiso ye-PET yabantu abangenaye i-SAD ibonise ukunyuka kwegazi kwi-cortex ye-cerebral, indawo ehambelana nokucinga nokuvavanya. Kubonakala ngathi okanye abantu abaneengxaki zentlalo, ingqondo iphendulela kwiimeko zentlalo ngokuhlukileyo kunabantu abangenayo ingxaki.
Ukukhubazeka kokuBantwana
Ngaba uyayazi umntwana okanye umntwana omncinci ohlala ephazamiseka xa ejongene nemeko entsha okanye umntu ongaqhelekanga? Xa ubhekane nale meko yeemeko umntwana akhala, akhiphe okanye afune induduzo yomzali?
Olu hlobo lokuziphatha kwabantwana abaselula kunye nabantwana abancinci luyaziwa ngokuba yi-disinhibition yokuziphatha.
Abantwana abonisa ukukhubazeka kokuziphatha njengomncinci basengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa i-SAD kamva ebomini.
Ngenxa yokuba le mimoya ibonisa ngokusemncinci kakhulu, mhlawumbi isifo esizalwe ngumntwana kunye nesiphumo sezinto eziphilayo.
Ukuba unenkxalabo yokuba umntwana wakho ugxothwe ngokugqithiseleyo okanye ukwesaba kwiimeko ezintsha, kunokukunceda ukuxoxa ngeengxaki zakho kunye neengcali. Ekubeni siyazi ukuba abantwana ababenokukhubazeka ngokuziphatha banokuthi babe ngabantwana abanenkxalabo kunye nabantu abadala, ukuba naluphi na uhlobo lokungenelela kwangaphambili lunokunceda ukukhusela iingxaki ezinzulu emva koko.
Iingcamango Zokuvala
Akukho sikho sinye seSAD. Kwinkoliso yabantu, i-disorder iyiphumo lokudibanisa imicimbi yendalo kunye neyendalo. Imiba yokusingqongileyo ihambelana nokukhuliswa kunye namava akho, kwaye izinto eziphilayo zizinto ezifana ne-genetic makeup, i-brain chemistry kunye nesitayela somuntu. Ngcaciso emfutshane, abaphandi bafuna ukuqonda iingxaki zofuzo zengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu.
Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Umbhali; 2013.
> Hales RE, Yudofsky SC. (Ed.). I-American Psychiatry Publishing Bookbook ye-Clinical Psychiatry. IWashington, DC: i-American Psychiatric; 2003.
> Tillfors M, Furmark T, Marteinsdottir I, et al. Ukuphuma kweGazi yeCerebral kwiZifundo kunye nePobia yeNtlalo Ngethuba lokuthetha ngokunyanisekileyo imisebenzi: I-PET Study. IJ Psychiatry . 2001; 158 (8): 1220-1226. i-doi: 10.1176 / appi.ajp.158.8.1220.