Ukuphonononga amanyathelo athile ombane
Ngokuqhelekileyo abafundi bafumana ukuba kulula ukudibanisa intsingiselo, imodeli kunye nemodi. Nangona zonke iimilinganiselo zentsebenzo ephakathi, kukho ukubaluleka kwezinto ngamnye ekuthethwa ngazo kunye nokuba zibalwe njani. Hlola amathiphu athile anokunceda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwentsingiselo, imidian, kunye nemimoya kwaye ufunde indlela yokubala imilinganiselo nganye ngokuchanekileyo.
Sisithini Ngokwenene, Ephakathi neMimoya?
Ukuze uqonde ulwahlulo phakathi kwentsingiselo, umxube kunye nomoya, qalisa ngokuchaza imigaqo.
- Kuthetha ukuba ngumyinge we-arithmetic wesethi yamanani anikwe.
- Umlingani ngumlinganiselo ophakathi kwiseti yamanani anikwe.
- Imodi iyona manqaku amaninzi ayenzekayo kwisethi yamanani anikwe.
Indlela yokubala okuthethileyo
Ithetha, okanye umyinge, ibalwa ngokukongeza amanqaku nokuhlula inani lilonke leenqaku. Cinga ngolu hlobo lwenombolo lulandelayo: 3, 4, 6, 6, 8, 9, 11. Ithetha ibalwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
- 3 + 4 + 6 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 11 = 47
- 47/7 = 6.7
- Ithetha (umyinge) wenani elimiselwe ngu-6.7.
Indlela yokubala iMedian
Umlambo ngumlinganiselo ophakathi wokuhambisa. Ukubala i-median
- Hlela amanani akho ngokulandelana kwamanani.
- Bala ukuba mangaphi amanani anayo.
- Ukuba unenombolo engavumelekanga, hlukana ngo-2 uze ujikeleze ukuze ufumane isikhundla senombolo yomlambo.
- Ukuba unenani, hlula ngo-2. Yiya kwinani kuloo ndawo kwaye uyilinganise kunye nenombolo kwisithuba esiphezulu esilandelayo ukuze ufumane umxube.
Cinga le setethi yamanani: 5, 7, 9, 9, 11. Ngenxa yokuba unenani elingaqhelekanga lamanani, umlambo uza kuba 9. Unamanani amahlanu, ngoko uyahlula u-5 nge-2 ukufumana ii-2.5, kwaye ujikeleze 3. Inombolo yesithathu kwisithuba sesithathu.
Yintoni eyenzekayo xa unenani leenqaku ukuze kungabikho mgangatho ophakathi?
Cinga le setethi yamanani: 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 7. Njengoko kukho inani leenqaku, kufuneka wenze umyinge wamanqaku amabini aphakathi, ukubala ithetha.
Khumbula, ithetha ibalwa ngokungeza amanqaku kunye kunye nokuhlula inani leenqaku ozifakayo. Kule meko, inkolelo yayiya kuba yi-2 + 4 (yongeza amanani amabini aphakathi), alinganayo 6. Emva koko, uthatha u-6 kwaye ulwahlule ngo-2 (inani elipheleleyo lamanani odibeneyo kunye), elilinganayo 3. Ngoko, kulo mzekelo, umlambo u-3.
Ukubala Imodi
Ekubeni imodeli yimiba ebonakalayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekuhanjisweni, khetha kuphela amanqaku aqhelekileyo njengendlela yakho. Cinga ukuhanjiswa kwenani elilandelayo le-2, 3, 6, 3, 7, 5, 1, 2, 3, 7, 5, 1, 2, 3, 9. Imodi yale manani iya kuba ngu-3 ukususela kwintathu iyona manani ayenzeka rhoqo. Kwiimeko apho unenani elikhulu kakhulu lamanqaku, ukudala ukusasazwa kwimizila kunokuba luncedo ekunqumeni imo.
Kwezinye iiseti zamanani, kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho iimodi ezimbini. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba yi-bi-modal ukusasazeka kwaye kwenzeka xa kukho iinombolo ezimbini eziboshwe kwixesha. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngamanani alandelayo alandelayo: 13, 17, 20, 20, 21, 23, 23, 26, 29,.
Ukuba akukho nombolo kwisethi eyenzeka ngaphezu kweyodwa, ke akukho mimoya yesethi yedata.
Izicelo zoThetha, iMidian okanye iMode
Unquma njani ukuba ungasebenzisa intsingiselo, umlambo okanye indlela? Umlinganiselo ngamnye wobuchule obuphambili unamandla kunye nobuthathaka, ngoko lowo ukhetha ukuyisebenzisa kunokuxhomekeka kakhulu kwiimeko ezizodwa kunye nendlela uzama ukubonisa ngayo idatha yakho.
- Ithethi isebenzisa onke amanani kwisethi ukubonisa umlinganiselo wobuchule obuphakathi; Nangona kunjalo, ama-outlier angaphambukisa umlinganiselo wonke. Ngokomzekelo, amanqaku amaninzi aphezulu angakwazi ukufumana isisiseko ukuze amanqaku aphezulu aphakame kakhulu kunokuba amanqaku amaninzi ayenjalo.
- Umlambo ulahla amanqaku aphakamileyo okanye aphantsi, kodwa angenakho ngokwaneleyo ukumela inani elipheleleyo leenombolo.
- Imodi inokuthi ingathonywanga ngaphaya kwamanye amazwe kwaye ilungele ukumela oko "okuqhelekileyo" kwinqanaba elinikeziweyo leenombolo, kodwa lingenakuncedo kumathuba apho kungabikho nzekayo ngaphezu kweyodwa.
Khawucinge ngeso simo apho ummeli we-real estate ufuna umlinganiselo wesimo esiyinhloko samakhaya athengise ngawo kunyaka odlulileyo. Ubeka uluhlu lwazo zonke iitotali:
- $ 75,000
- $ 75,000
- $ 150,000
- $ 155,000
- $ 165,000
- $ 203,000
- $ 750,000
- $ 755,000
Ithini kweli qela li-$ 291,000, i-median yi-$ 160,000 kunye nemodi eyi-$ 75,000. Yiyiphi na into ongayithethayo yindlela efanelekileyo kakhulu yokutyekela kwinqanaba lokuthengisa? Ukuba ufuna inombolo ephakamileyo, ithetha ngokucacileyo yona khetho olufanelekileyo nangona ixabiso lihlaselwe ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu. Imodi, nangona kunjalo, ayiyi kuba yinto ekhethekileyo ngenxa yokuba ayikho ngaphantsi kwaye ayikho into ebalulekileyo yokuthengisa kwayo yonyaka. Umlambo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubonakala kubonakaliso olufanelekileyo lwezinto "eziqhelekileyo" zokuthengiswa kweendawo zokuthengisa.
> Imithombo:
> Hogg RV, McKean JW, Craig AT. Isingeniso kwiMathematical Statistics . Boston: Pearson; 2013.
> Amanyathelo okutyekela. Aerd Statistics.