Inkxalabo yokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle ayikho into eyahlukileyo kuneentlanzi ezinxulumene nenye ingxaki yempilo yengqondo. Nangona i-stigma ingathatha ifom ehlukileyo kunokuba, ithi, ngokuchasene ne- schizophrenia okanye umda we-personal border (BPD) , isiphumo sinye-abantu benza ukuba babe neentloni malunga nengxaki abangenakho ukulawula.
Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu zengxaki yokukhathazeka kwentlalo (SAD), into eyona nto abantu abayikwesaba ngayo ukuvavanya kakhulu ngabanye-iba yinyani.
Akwanele ukuba iingqondo zabo zibangela ukuba bakhathazeke ngokungapheli malunga noko abanye bacinga, kodwa ngoku banokuqinisekisa ukuba abantu banemibono engalunganga ngabo.
Nangona siphila kwiminyaka xa kukho unyango olusebenzayo kwizifo ezininzi zengqondo, ukuxhalaba kwintlalo kubandakanywa, abantu bayaqhubeka behamba inyanga, iminyaka, amashumi eminyaka, kunye nexesha lokuphila ngaphandle kokufumana unyango. Iimeko ezibi eziya kuguqulwa kuphela ngokuzisa impilo yengqondo kwimphambili yolondolozo lwezonyango noluntu.
Ziyintoni I-Stigma?
Masibuye siphakamise kancane. Yiyiphi imbeko? Ngomqondo olula, ukuhlambalaza kubhekisela ekuhlaleni umntu ngokusekelwe kwisimo esithile salowo mntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo sinokucinga ngeentlanzi ezinxulumene nokuba ngummi othile okanye ukuvela kwiklasi ethile yezoqoqosho.
Kwimeko yokugula kwengqondo, i-stigma inokuthi ibekho kuluntu jikelele kodwa nakwabasebenzi bezempilo.
Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba ucinga ngomntu onenkxalabo yokuxhalabisa abantu, banokujamelana nokugxekwa kubahlobo kunye namalungu entsapho ngokungalingani kwintlalo, kwaye banokujamelana nogqirha ophuthelwa yimpawu okanye abahlaselayo.
I-Stigma nayo ingacingwa ukuba inxulumene nomntu ogulayo okanye isenzo sokufuna unyango.
Umntu one-SAD unokuthi unqabile ngenxa yokuba eneempawu zokuxhalaxwa kweentlalo, kodwa unokufumana isigxina ekufuneni uncedo kwingxaki abanye abanokuvakalelwa kukuba "yonke into entloko" okanye ukuba wonke umntu ujongane naye.
Stigma
Siye sathintela kancinane kule nto, kodwa ukuxhalaba kwentlalo kubangelwa ukusekwa kwinqanaba leengcamango ukuba ukuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle kuyinto evamile kwaye ikhuseleka. Ngentloni emva kwakho konke, kunene? Unokujamelana nokunyanzelisa izimo ezivela kubahlobo okanye entsapho abangakholelwa ukuxhalaba yingxaki yangempela kwaye kufuneka ukwazi "ukufikelela kuyo" ngokwakho.
Phakathi kwabantwana nakwishumi elivisayo , kunokubakho ukuxhatshazwa okanye inkohlakalo njengenxalenye yokugxeka abantu abajongene nokuxhalaba kweentlalo. Esikhundleni sokuva novelwano, abanye banokukhetha ukubeka phantsi abantwana okanye abatsha abajonge njengababuthathaka okanye abangenakunzima.
Ziziphi iimpembelelo zeStigma?
Ngelishwa, iziphumo zentlanzi ehambelana nengxaki yokuxhalaxwa kwentlalo ininzi. Ngezantsi luluhlu lweminye imiba enzima kakhulu enokuthi i-stigma izisa phambili.
Iingxaki ngokuzithemba. Abantu abahlala nehlazo malunga nokuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle banokuthi bafumane ukuzithemba, ukuzinyameka, kunye nokuziphatha okuphantsi komgangatho wokuphila, ngokwezifundo zango-2015 kwi- American Journal ye-Orthopsychiatry .
Ukunyanga okungekho ubungqina. Xa i-disorder ingathotywanga kakuhle okanye ingafumaneki, le nto inokukhokelela umntu ukuba afune unyango oluthile olungenalo incediso yesayensi.
Ukungaphumeleli ukufumana unyango. Uninzi lwabantu abanenkinga yokuxhalabisa abantu bayesaba ukuvuma ukuba baneengxaki, kwaye ukunyaniseka kubangela ukuba kube nzima nakakhulu. Unokwesaba iziphumo kumsebenzi kunye nobudlelwane ngenxa yokuvuma ukuba unengxaki.
I-Misdiagnosis . I-Stigma ingakhokelela oogqirha ukuba bangaboni kakuhle i-SAD , ngokukodwa xa behluleka ukuthatha iimpawu ze-disorder ngokungathí sina, okanye bahluleki ukubuza malunga nabo (emva koko, yintoni isigulane esinokuxhalabisa esontlalweni sinokuthi sizenzele ingxaki ngokwazo)?
Bobabini oogqirha kunye nabasebenzi bezempilo bangakwazi ukuqonda ukuxhalaba kwezenhlalakahle njengengxaki okanye bakholelwa ukuba uhlazo oluqhelekileyo.
Ukungasebenzi . I-Stigma ingabangela ugqirha ukuba angaphenyi ngokugcwele iimpawu okanye akhokele ekuqondeni kakubi ukunyanga okufanelekileyo.
Idala izithintelo zokunyamekela. I-stigma yangaphandle ingafakwa ngaphakathi kwabantu abanenkxalabo yezenhlalakahle, okwenza kube lula ukuba bafune unyango. Ukuba uqala ukuziva ungalunganga ngendlela ovakalelwa ngayo, awuyi kuba lula ukuvuma ukuba unenkinga kwaye uzama ukufumana uncedo kuyo.
Idala indawo engabongiyo. Imiba yempilo yengqondo iphathwa kakuhle kwiimeko zokuxhasa. I-Stigma ibangela indawo engenakho inkxaso, enokuba kunzima ukufikelela uncedo. Ukuba unempilo yengqondo, ukuxhaswa kukubalulekileyo, ngokukodwa kumanyathelo okuqala. Khawucinge nje, njengomntu one-SAD, ubiza ugqirha wakho kwaye uthethwa ngendlela eyimfuneko ngumntu owamkelayo?
Iinjongo zokuzibulala. Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, umntu unokuziva ehluleka ukufumana uncedo ngenxa yokunyaniseka kwaye abe neengcinga zokuzibulala, ingakumbi ukuba i-SAD idibaniswe neminye ingxaki yempilo yengqondo njengengcinezelo okanye ingxaki ye-bipolar.
Umthombo weStigma
Singaqala ukuqonda kangcono indlela yokulwa nokunyaniseka ngokufunda oko kubangela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, imbangela ebalulekileyo yenkcazo kukungabikho kokuqonda. Oku kungabikho kokuqonda kungenxa yokuba umntu akazange abe nokugula kwengqondo ngokwabo okanye ngenxa yokuba abaqapheli iintlobo zeengxaki zengqondo ezikhoyo (okanye ukuba ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwintlalo yenye yawo).
Indlela yokuNciphisa iStigma
Ngoku, sifumana kwisigidimi esibalulekileyo-sinokuthi sinciphise njani uhlahlo oluhlobene nokukhathazeka kweentlalo? Ngeke kube yinto elula ukuyilungisa, ngelixesha, kwaye kuya kufuna ukuba utshintsho kwisimo sengqondo ngemfundo. Ngezantsi kukho amanyathelo athathathwe nguwe, uluntu, kunye nemisebenzi yengqondo yengqondo ekusebenzeni ekunciphiseni impembelelo yehlazo:
Imiyalezo yenkonzo yomphakathi. Ewe, kunjalo-imilayezo yakho yenkonzo yoluntu endala. Cinga ngezi zifana neentengiso ezilungileyo. Ukuba baphuma apho kwaye beva ixesha elaneleyo, umyalezo uqala ukuwela. Nangona kwixesha elidlulileyo aba sele bebukela kumabonwakude okanye kwi-radiyo, abeendaba ezintsha kunye namajelo asekuhlaleni baye banikezela ezininzi iindlela ukuze bafumane umyalezo. Uliphi ixesha lokugqibela owabelana ngayo ngeposi yengqondo yengqondo kwi-Facebook, Twitter, okanye Instagram account?
Thetha malunga neengxaki zakho. Yikes! Izandi zikhwankqisayo mhlawumbi, kodwa cinga ukuba bonke abane-SAD batshele omnye umntu malunga nento abaye bahamba kuyo. Indlovu egumbini inokuthi ihambe ngokugqithiseleyo, "kwaye i-disorder efihlekile emthunzini ibone ukukhanya. Ixesha lokugqibela uxelele ibali malunga nokuxhalaba kwakho kwentlalo? Usenokumangaliswa ngubani ongabonayo okanye ngubani na onokuba nebali naye.
Khuthaza abantu ukuba bafunde iincwadi. Ewe, inokuba yinto elula. Khuthaza abahlobo bakho, intsapho, osebenza nabo, abamelwane ukuba bafunde amabali okwenyaniso ngokugula kwengqondo. Ezi ncwadi zinokuba ngamava okuvula amehlo, ngakumbi abo bangakaze bafumane izinto ezinjalo kuqala. Ukuba uyilungu losapho lomntu ogula ngengqondo, funda ezi ncwadi.
Yabelana ngamava akho njengodumo. Ndiyabulela uDonny Osmond, uBarra Streisand, uZack Greinke, uJonathan Knight nabanye ngenxa yokwabelana kwakho ngokucacileyo kweengxaki zakho. Ukuba ungumntu oqhankqalaza unokuxhalaba kwezenhlalo, xelela amabali okanye ubhale incwadi malunga nokuba sele uhamba nani. Abantu bakhangele kuwe kwaye unethuba lokuncedisa ukunciphisa i-stigma ejikeleze le ngxaki.
Vula. Oku kusebenza kuwo wonke umntu, kodwa makhe siwalathise kuluntu nakwiingcali zempilo yengqondo. Uluntu-luvuleleke ukuba kungenzeka ukuba wonke umntu ufumana ubomi ngendlela oyenza ngayo. Vula uvule ukufunda nokuqonda iingxaki zempilo yengqondo. Kwabaqeqeshi bempilo yengqondo-bavuleleke ukuba kungenzeka ukuba umntu ohleli eofisi yakho unokufumana ingxaki ababengayabelana ngayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuba "baqhelekileyo" babonakala njani. Buza imibuzo malunga neempawu zokuxhalabisa abantu kwaye uthathe izimpendulo ngokubalulekileyo.
Vulela ukuthula. Ehlabathini lonke, masize siphumelele ukuthula ngenxa yengqondo yengqondo yokugula ngengxaki yoluntu nayo yonke ingqondo yengqondo. Masilandele ezinyathelweni zamazwe afana ne-Australia kunye ne-UK asebenzayo ukudibanisa unyango lwempilo yengqondo kunye neyeza njengengxenye yokunyamekela rhoqo.
> Imithombo:
> Anderson KN, Jeon AB, Blenner JA, Wiener RL, Ithemba likaDA. Indlela abantu abavavanya ngayo abanye ngengxaki yokuxhalabisa abantu: Ukuthelekiswa nokudakumba nokugula ngengqondo jikelele. Ngaba uJ Orthopsychiatry . 2015; 85 (2): 131-138. i-doi: 10.1037 / ort0000046.
> Ukunyamekela Ingqondo Yakho. Ukuqonda iZithintelo Eziyingqayizivele Kubantu Abajongene Nokukhathazeka Kwezenhlalakahle.
> Davies MR. Inkcazo yokuphazamiseka kwengxaki. Int J Clin Pract . 2000; 54 (1): 44-47.
> Dinos S, uStevens S, uSerfaty M, Weich S, uKumkani M. Stigma: iimvakalelo namava abantu abangama-46 abanesifo sengqondo. Ukufunda ngokufanelekileyo. Br J Psychiatry . 2004; 184: 176-181.
> Rüsch N, Hölzer A, uHermann C, et al. Ukuzihlambalaza kwabasetyhini abaneengxaki zomntu ongenamida kunye nabasetyhini abanezentlalo. J Nerv Ment Dis . 2006; 194 (10): 766-773. i-doi: 10.1097 / 01.nmd.0000239898.48701.dc.