Abanye abafundi bahamba ngamava abo ekholeji, kuquka amaqela kunye nezinye iintlalo zentlalo, ngaphandle kokuphuhlisa ingxaki yokusela. Abanye, ke, banokuba banxila kakhulu kwaye banokukhawulelana ngokukhawuleza nemilinganiselo yokusetyenziswa kotywala kokusetyenziswa kotywala xa kungabikho utywala obunxilisayo .
Unokuxelela njani ukuba ngubani oya kugqiba ekubeni ngabaphuza ingxaki?
Izibalo zibonisa ukuba inani labafundi abaselayo ngexesha lekholeji lingazange litshintshe kwiminyaka engama-20 edlulileyo.
Akunalo nepesenti ezivuma ukuba zisela. Yintoni eyitshintshileyo yindlela abaphuza ngayo utywala kunye nokusela okungakanani xa batywala.
Abazali abathumela abantwana babo kwiikholeji banokuzibuza ukuba umntwana wabo uya kuba ngu-22.9% oza kuphuhlisa utywala lokusetyenziswa kotywala ngaphambi kokugqiba. Kodwa ungathini?
Abaphandi kwi-Yale University School of Medicine baye bafumana ubuncinane izibonakaliso ezimbini ezidibene nabafundi abaphelisa iingxaki ezinxulumene notywala ngaphambi kokuphuma kwiikholeji.
Ukuphuza kwangaphambili iSisayina
Emva kokufunda abantu abangama-160 abatsha (ama-766 amabhinqa, abesilisa abangama-394) kwiminyaka emine yeekholeji, uMeghan Morean kunye noogxa bakhe bafumene ukuba abafundi abaphuhlise iingxaki ezinxulumene notywala badla ngoku:
- Waqala ukusela xa wayeselula.
- Ndanxile ngexesha lokuqala.
Kukho izifundo ezininzi ezidibanisa ukuqala ukusela ukusa kwiingxaki kamva ebomini, ezifana nokukhathazeka kokusetyenziswa kotywala, iingxaki zomthetho kunye neengxaki zempilo, kodwa umfundi weYale ufumene ukuba ukusela kwasekuqaleni kunokukwazi ukuqikelela iingxaki kumntwana omdala oselula.
Umngcipheko Omkhulu wabaNxilaba bokuqala
"Ukuphucula ngokukhawuleza ukususela ekuqaleni kokusetyenziswa kotywala ukusela ukuxiliswa kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukusela ukuphuza kakhulu kunye namava enxulumene neengxwaba ngexesha lootitshala abakwiikholeji," kusho uMongameli. "Ngokomzekelo, umntwana osemtsha owayedla isiselo sakhe sokuqala xa eneminyaka eyi-15 wayengozini enkulu yokusela kakhulu kunye neengxaki kunomntwana osemtsha owayethatha isiselo sakhe sokuqala xa eneminyaka eyi-17."
"Ngaphezu koko, umntwana osemtsha owayesebenzisa isiselo sakhe sokuqala xa eneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala kwaye wayedla ukuxilwa xa eneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala, wayesengozini enkulu yokusela kakhulu kunye neengxaki kunomntwana osemtsha owayeseneminyaka yokuqala engama-15 kwaye akaphuzanga ukuya kutshatyalaliswa de kubekho 17. "
Iingxaki ezinxulumene noTywala
Izibalo zibonisa ukuba umlinganiselo wokuqala wokuphuza abafundi besikolo esiphakamileyo uphakathi kweminyaka eyi-14 ne-15 ubudala, ngoko ke abaninzi abantu abaselula abasengozini yokuphuhlisa iingxaki ezinxilisayo, u-Morean uthe, kuquka ukuphuculwa kwengqondo, ukulimala kwesibindi ngexesha lokusasa, ukuziphatha, ukungasebenzi kakuhle esikolweni kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinye izinto ezinjenge- marijuana kunye ne- cocaine .
Ababhali batusa ukuba ukukhusela kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemizamo kuphuhliswe ngenjongo yokulibazisa ukuphuza kakhulu, ikakhulu kulabo bafundi abasengozini enkulu - abo abanobuntu obunomdla okanye inzala yomnxila .
Abazali bacinga ukuvumela abantwana babo basezantsi ukuba baphuze ekhaya basebethemba ukuba kuya kubafundisa ukuba basele ngokunyanisekileyo kunokufuna ukucinga kwakhona ngesicwangciso.
Imithombo:
Morean, ME, et al. "Iminyaka yokuSebenza kokuQala kunye nokukhawuleza ukuxiliswa kokuQala ngokumalunga neengxaki zokuNxila kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene noTywala ngexesha loMdala okhulayo." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye noPhando lwe- 15 Agasti 2012.
Isiko seSizwe ekuMlonyeni kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi. "Ukunciphisa okulungileyo kunye nokugqwesileyo: ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kwiikholeji zaseMelika neeYunivesithi." Matshi 2007.