I-Psychoneuroimmunology, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-PNI, ibaluleke kakhulu, insima entsha esenza ukuba uphando olunzulu ekuqondeni kwethu ukuxhamla komzimba.
Ngokucacileyo, i-PNI ihlola uxhulumaniso phakathi kweenkqubo zengqondo kunye neenkqubo zesifo kunye ne-immune zomzimba. Inkcazo ecacileyo ye-PNI yanikezelwa ngodliwano-ndlebe noDkt. Robert Ader, iNjingalwazi eYunivesithi ePhezulu kwiYunivesithi yaseRochester School of Medicine kunye noDentistry, kunye noovulindlela beli sebe lophando olukhula ngokukhawuleza.
Ifunda kanje:
"I-Psychoneuroimmunology ibhekiselele, ngokukodwa, ekufundeni ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuziphatha, i-neural kunye ne-endocrine (okanye i-neuroendocrine), kunye neenkqubo zokuziguqula umzimba. Isiseko saso kukuba i-homeostasis yinkqubo edibeneyo equka ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuziphatha kunye neentsholongwane ze-endocrine kunye ne-immune system. "
Imbali
Intsimi yanda ukusuka emsebenzini wezengqondo zeRussia u- Ivan Pavlov kunye nomzekelo wakhe wokumisa imeko. U-Pavlov wayekwazi ukubeka iinkwenkwe kwiinkwenkwe xa ziva isandi sensimbi ngokubetha insimbi xa zinikwa ukutya. Ekugqibeleni, beza ngokuzenzekelayo badibanise isandi sensimbi kunye nesenzo sokutya, ukwenzela ukuba xa ukutya bekungekho banikwa, isandi sensimbi sasiya kubangela ukuba bahlale bakha.
Ngo-PNI, abaphandi baseRussia baqhuba uchungechunge lweemvavanyo ezibonisa ukuba ezinye iinkqubo zomzimba zinokutshintshwa ngokuzimelela.
Nangona uphando lwabo aluhambelani nemilinganiselo enomdla yanamhlanje, babenokubangela ukuphendulwa kwe-immunologic kwizilwanyana ngendlela efanayo ukuba uPavlov wenza i-salivation kwizinja zakhe. Abaphandi baseMerika bafana no-Ader bathatha uphando ngakumbi eMelika, kwaye ngoku siyazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba iimpendulo zamagciwane zingakhutshwa okanye zikhutshwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.
Siphinde sibe nokuqonda okunzulu kwempembelelo ye-placebo-abanye abaphandi baqala ukukholelwa ukuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba impendulo ifakwe.
Izicelo
Uphando lwe-Psychoneuroimmunology lucacisa ezininzi izinto ezintle zokuphila kwaye lubonelela ngophando olubalulekileyo malunga noxinzelelo. Izifundo ze-PNI zifumene ukudibanisa phakathi kweemeko zobomi kunye nemiphumo yempilo. Njengoko i-PNI ifumene ukwamkelwa okukhulu kwenzululwazi, ukufumanisa ukuba amazwe angamavakalelo anokuchaphazela ukukhuselwa komzimba kuye kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye uphando kule ndawo lusinceda siqonde ngakumbi ukuxinzelelo kunye nemiphumo kwimpilo . Sifumana ukuqonda okucacileyo kwezixhumanisi phakathi kokuziphatha kunye nobuntu kunye nokukhuseleka njengoko uphando luqhubeka.
Ezi zixhobo zilandelayo ziquka izifundo ezibonisa oko sikufundile kwintsimi ye-PNI.
- Uxinzelelo kunye noPhando lwezeMpilo : Nazi ezinye iiphando eziye zaqhutywa ngoku, kwaye zisinika ulwazi olubalulekileyo ngokuqhagamshelana phakathi kwengcinezelo kunye nempilo.
Umthombo:
Freeman, LW (2009). I-medby eyongezelelweyo neyonyango. (3 ed.). St Louis, MO: UMosby.