I-Orexin ingaba yintloko kwonyango olutsha
I-Orexin, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-hypocretin, yi-neurotransmitter efunyenwe ngo-1998 eveliswa kwingingqi ye-hypothalamus yengqondo echaphazelekayo ekuvukeni nasekuvukeni.
Ngenxa yendima yayo enxulumene nokulala, i-orexin ijoliswe njengonyango lweengxaki zokulala. Imithi eyaziwa ngokuba yi "orexin receptor antagonists" iye yaqulunqwa ukukhusela ukubonakaliswa kweekhemikhali kwingqondo ekukhuthazeni ubuthongo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-orexin idlala indima ekusigcine siphapheme kwaye siqaphile, ukukhusela iziphumo zayo kunokunokuphucula ukulala. I-US Food and Drug Administration iye yamkela i-suborexant (iBelsomra), i-orexin receptor antagonist, njengoncedo lokulala.
Ngoku izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-orexin nayo inokudlala indima ekufuneni umvuzo, ukuphindwa kweziyobisi, kunye nokukhokelwa umlutha kwaye ngoko ke kunokukhokelela kwonyango olutsha lwezilwanyana.
Abaphandi bafumene ukuba i-orexin neurons yanda kwimimandla yengqondo edibeneyo yokuvuza imizila ibonisa ukuba aba bathunywa banokudlala indima ekukhuthazeni nasekuzifuneni umvuzo.
Umphandi wePenn State u-Glenda Harris, i-PhD, esebenza noGary Aston-Jones, PhD, kwiSebe leengqondo, uphando malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-orexin kunye nomvuzo ofunayo ngokufunda umsebenzi we-orexin kwiifos usebenzisa uvavanyo lokuziphatha olujolise ekumxeleni ukutya kunye neziyobisi ukufuna nokutshaya iziyobisi.
"I-hypothalamus esecaleni iboshelwe umvuzo kwaye inemihlali kwiminyaka emininzi, kodwa iipokethi ezithile kunye neekhemikhali ezichaphazelekayo azikho nto," kusho uAston-Jones.
"Le nto ibonisa ukuba i-neuropeptide orexin yinto ebalulekileyo ekufuneni umvuzo kunye nokulutha kweziyobisi . Ezi ziphumo zibonelela intsha kunye nenjongo ethile ekuphuhliseni iindlela ezintsha zokuphatha umlutha, ukukhuluphala, kunye nezinye iziphazamiso ezinxulumene nokulungiswa komvuzo ongasebenzi."
Abaphandi bafumene unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kokusebenza kwe-orexin neurons kwi-hypothalamus yangaphambili kunye nokufuna umvuzo we-morphine, i- cocaine kunye nokutya.
Bafumanise ukuba amazinga aphezulu kakhulu omsebenzi kwi-orexin neurons avela kwiikota ezibonisa umgangatho omkhulu wokufuna umvuzo.
Ukuguquka kweMithi yokuChiza nokuVala
Uphononongo lubonakalise umbutho phakathi kwama-orexins kunye nemigudu yemivuzo yeerati zeebhabhi ngeendlela ezintathu:
- Ukuqaliswa kwe-orexin neurons kuhambelana nokukhethwa kwimiba yeengcamango ezinxulumene nembuyekezo kunye nezidlo zokutya
- Ukusetyenziswa kweMichiza ye-orexin neurons yabuyisela indlela yokucima izidakamizwa
- Ukujova ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokuziphatha kwezidakamizwa ezibuyiselwe i-orexin.
Ukongezelela, xa abaphandi banikela iigundane i-orexin echasene nayo, ukufundwa kwezilwanyana ngokukhethekileyo kweziyobisi kunye nokubuyiselwa kokuziphatha kokucima izidakamizwa kwacinywa.
Ukufunwa Kwimivuzo Kunokucinywa
"Ngenxa yobudlelwane phakathi kokusebenza kwe-orexin nokubuyiselwa kokuziphatha okufuna umvuzo, ezi ziphumo zi nokuba nefuthe ekuqondeni ukuphindaphinda kwezidakamizwa kubantu," abaphengululi babhala. "Ukufumana umvuzo wezilwanyana kunokucinywa ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokubhenca ngokuphindaphindiweyo isilwanyana kwimvelo enxulumene neziyobisi ngaphandle kwemiphumo yangaphambili yezidakamizwa."
"Emva kokucima ukufunwa komvuzo, ukubonisa i-stimulus eyayinxulumene nelo liza kukhokelela izilwanyana ukuba ziphinde ziphinde zifune ukufumana umvuzo, okufana noko kwenzekayo xa abantu benesifo seziyobisi," bathetha.
Iithagethi ezintsha zokuphucula unyango
Ukusebenzisa i-neuropeptide eyenza i-orexin neurons kwi-hypothalamus yangaphambili, iHarris kunye noogxa bayo bakwazi ukubuyisela ukufunyanwa kweziyobisi kwiiliti ezazicima ukuziphatha kwezidakamizwa.
"Ezi ziphumo zibonisa i-neurons entsha kunye ne-neuronal receptors ezibalulekileyo ekusebenziseni umvuzo," kusho uAston-Jones. "Oku kubonelela itshagethi elitsha ekuphuhliseni iziyobisi ukuphatha iingxaki zokucubungula umvuzo ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokusetyenziswa kotywala , ukutshaya nokunyanya."
Imithombo
Ebrahim, IO, et al. "Inkqubo ye-hypocretin / orexin." Umbhalo weRoyal Society of Medicine Meyi 2002
Harris, GC kunye no-al. "Inxaxheba yecalaal hypothalamic orexin neurons ekufuneni umvuzo." Uhlobo lweSeptemba 22, 2005
Foundation National Foundation. "I-Orexin receptor antagonists: Iqela elitsha lokulala ipilisi." News Sleep