Imbali kunye nezizathu ezibangelwa utshintsho
Ibinzana elithi " ukudakumba komntu " lusekelwe kwiGrisi lasendulo, apho igama lalisetyenziswe ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokuqala ukuchaza iimpawu zesifo sengqondo. Encwadini yakhe ethi Bipolar Expeditions: iMania kunye nokuCinezeleka kwi-American Culture , umbhali uEmily Martin ubhala,
"AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba ukukrakra kwengqondo kunokubandakanya ukungalingani phakathi kwabahlaziyi, njengokuba i-melancholy, iyashukunyiswa yi-flux yegazi, yaba yinto echaseneyo, i-mania."
Ngasekupheleni kwee-1800, uJean-Pierre Falret, ongumfokazi wezilwanyana waseFransi, waqaphela "i-folie circulaire", okanye i-circular insanity, iziqhelo zamanqaku kunye neengcibiliki ezahlukaniswa ngamaxesha angenazo iimpawu. Kungenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ukuba igama le- manic-depress psychosis laba ligama lale ngxaki yengqondo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba "i-psychosis" yayifakiwe, ngaloo ndlela ingabandakanyi zonke iintlobo zezinto esiziwayo njengengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo engabandakanyi iimpawu zengqondo .
Ngomnyaka we-1902, u-Emil Kraepelin waququzelela waza wahlukanisa oko kwakuthatyathwa ukucingelwa njengengqondo ye-unitary kwiindidi ezimbini. Ukudakumba kwengcinezelo kwakuyinto awayeyisebenzisa ukuchaza izifo zengqondo ezijoliswe kwiingxaki zomzwelo okanye zengqondo. I-dementio ye-praecox, ngokwezithetha ngokuthethi "ukuhlanya kwangaphambili," kwaye kamva wabizwa ngokuba yi- schizophrenia , yayingumxholo wesifo sengqondo esivela kwingcinga okanye kwiingxaki zokuqonda.
Ukutshintsha Ukususela Ekusebenziseni Ukunyamezeleka Kwamadoda kuya kwi-Bipolar Disorder
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka ye-1950, uKarl Leonhard wazisa igama elithi bipolar ukuhlukanisa ukudandatheka kwe-unipolar ( ingxaki enkulu yokudandatheka ) ukusuka ekudakaleni kwe-bipolar.
Ngowe-1980, ngokupapashwa kweSithathu Inkcazo yeNgcaciso kunye neStatistical Manual of Mental Disorders (iDSM), ukuxinezeleka kwexesha lomntu kwatshintshwa ngokusemthethweni kwinkqubo yokuhlelwa kwimeko yokukhubazeka kwe- bipolar .
Kutheni i-Bipolar Disorder endaweni yokudandatheka kwabantu?
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, umsebenzi wezokwelapha, kunye neengqondo zonyango ngokuthe ngqo, wenze umzamo oqingqiweyo wokutshintshela isiNgesi kwixesha le-DSM lokuxilongwa kwe-bipolar disorder.
Kukho izizathu ezichazwe kulo tshintsho, kuquka:
- Ukudakumba komntu ngokuqhelekileyo kusetyenziswe ukubonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezifo zengqondo, kwaye njengoko iinkqubo zokuhlengahlengiswa ziye zagqithisa, ixesha elide lokugula ngengqondo livumela ukucaca ngakumbi kwi-diagnosis.
- Amagama athi "manic" kunye ne "mania" ayancatshiswa kakhulu. Cinga ngamagama athandwayo anjenge-"Manic ngoMsombuluko," ii-Animaniacs, i-maniacidal maniac, kunye nezinye. Ngokufanayo, igama elithi "ukudandatheka" lisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza luluntu ngokubanzi ngamaxesha okudabuka angakhange afaneleke ukunyaniseka kweklinikhi .
- Isifo se-bipolar sininzi kwixesha lekliniki kwaye ke, ukulayishwa ngaphantsi kwemoya.
- Ukudakumba komntu kugxininisa iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ezingqondweni kodwa kubonakala kungabandakanyi iimpawu zenyama kunye / okanye ingqiqo.
- Ixesha lokudakumba komntu lingabandakanyi i- cyclothymic okanye i- hypomanic (i-bipolar II disorder) iinguqulelo zesifo.
Iintlobo ze-Bipolar Disorder
Kukho iintlobo ezine zeengxaki ze-bipolar ezibonwe kwi-DSM-5. Ziquka:
- I-Bipolar I-disorder: Kulo hlobo olufunyaniswayo, kufuneka ube neempawu ezixutywa ngamanxeba okanye ezixubekileyo ezinokuhlala ubuncinane ngeveki okanye iimpawu zomntu ezinzima ngokwaneleyo ukuba kufuneka ube esibhedlele. Iipasiti ezixakekayo zihlala zikhona.
- Ingxaki ye-Bipolar II: I- Hypomanic , okanye i-episodes ecinezelekileyo yenzeke kule hlobo, kodwa kungekhona iziqephu zomntu
- I-Cyclothymic disorder okanye i-cyclothymia: Olu hlobo luhlobo olubi kakhulu lwe-bipolar kwaye lufunyaniswa xa unesibini kunye neentlungu ezidakisayo ezinokubangela ubuncinane ubuncinane iminyaka emibini.
- I-bipolar disorder ngaphandle kokuchazwa ngenye indlela (BP-NOS): Kwi- BP-NOS , unempawu ze-bipolar ezingayifezekisi imigaqo efunekayo yokuxilongwa kweyiphi enye intlobo ze-bipolar kwaye iimpawu zakho azibonakali ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kuwe.
Imithombo:
UMartin, E. (2007). Uhambo lwe-Bipolar: iMania kunye nokudandatheka kwiinkcubeko zaseMerika . Princeton University Press.
Stephens, S. (2007). bp Umlando bp Magazine .
"Ukuxhuzula." Isiko seSizwe seMpilo yengqondo (2016).