Ukwesaba Ubumnyama Kuyakhathazeka kakhulu kwiBantu abadala nabantwana
I-Nyctophobia, okanye ukwesaba kobumnyama, yenye yezona zinto eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kwi-children. Phakathi kweminyaka engama-6 no-12, abantwana abaninzi bayesaba ubumnyama, kodwa oku kuyingingqi eqhelekileyo yophuhliso kwaye akusiyo i-phobia. Abantu abadala banokugcina uloyiko lobumnyama ebomini. Funda xa lokoyika luba yi-phobia kunye nendlela yokuphathwa ngayo.
Uloyiko okanye iPhobia?
Ukwahlukana ngumoya luloyiko olungenangqiqo kunye neengxaki ezixhalabisayo ezidityanisayo ezingahambiyo ngokwazo kwaye zingadluka ngokudlula ixesha.
Nangona ukwesaba ubumnyama kungaba yinxalenye yentuthuko evamile kubantwana abancinci, kubantwana abadala kunye nabantu abadala, i-nyctophobia yinkwantolo engafanelekanga kwaye ingakukhusela ukuba uphile ubomi obuninzi "obuqhelekileyo".
Kukho imigaqo ecacileyo evela kwi-American Psychiatric Association (APA) echaza ukubahluko phakathi koyiko kunye ne-phobia. Uhlobo olungundoqo lwesiseko kukuba i-phobia iphazamisa ubomi bakho ngelixa iziganeko zoloyiko zincinci.
Unonophelo lwenkonzo yakho yezempilo unokunika okanye umntwana wakho ukuxilongwa kwe-phobia ukuba ukwesaba kobumnyama kukuba:
- Uloyiko olomeleleyo luhamba kunye neempawu ezinzulu zengqondo okanye zomzimba
- Ukwesaba okuqhubekayo kunye neempawu ezihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu
Olu loyiko lunokuba yinto yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwindalo njengabantu abaninzi abazingela ebusuku. Ngenxa yoko, iifilimu ezibuhlungu kunye neemeko ze-Halloween zisebenzisa ubumnyama njengendlela yokuthusa.
Yintoni iPhobia ecacileyo?
I-Nyctophobia yi-phobia ekhethekileyo, eyikwesaba into ethile okanye imeko kwaye imela enye yezinto ezintathu zokubeka izibalo (ezinye ezimbini zi-social phobia okanye i-disordered disorder disorder, kunye ne-agoraphobia).
Ezinye iingcali zihlukanisa iinkcukacha ezithile kwiqela eliqela:
- I-phobias yeemeko, ezifana nobumnyama, izithambiso kunye neendawo ezidibeneyo
- I-phobias yezilwanyana, ezifana nokwesaba iincinci okanye iinyoka
- I-phobias ye-Mutilation, njengokwesaba kwedokotela wamazinyo okanye ii-injection
Iimpawu zeNyctophobia
Iimpawu ze-nyctophobia ziyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu kwaye ngokubhekisele kunzima kwimeko ethile.
Ngokubanzi, iimpawu ze-nyctophobia ziquka:
- Ukuba nexhala kunoma yimuphi ummandla omnyama
- Ukulala ebusuku
- Ukungafuni ukuphuma ebusuku
- Ukufumana iimpawu zomzimba kubandakanya, ukunyuka kwentliziyo, ukujuluka, ukuzanyazanyiswa okubonakalayo, kunye nokugula (ukunyamezela, ukuphathwa kwentloko, kunye nesifo sohudo ziqhelekileyo) xa unyanzelekile ukuba uchithe ixesha elimnyama
Iimpawu zeziganeko ezinzima ze-nyctophobia ziquka:
- Ukuzama ukubalekela kumagumbi amnyama
- Ukunyanzela ukuhlala endlwini ebusuku
- Ukuba nomsindo okanye ukukhusela ukuba umntu uzama ukukukhuthaza ukuba uchithe ixesha elimnyama
Unyango lwe Nyctophobia
Injongo yonyango ukujongana neenkolelo eziyikrakra malunga nomnyama ngokufaka into yokuziphatha engalunganga kunye nemilayezo emihle.
Isilinganiso sonyango oluyimpumelelo ye-phobias efana ne-nyctophobia malunga neepesenti ezingama-90 kwaye idlalwa ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezisuka kwisikolo socwangco-ukuziphatha. Isicwangciso sonyango sakho isiphakamisi sikisela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho angafaka:
- Ukubonakalisa ebumnyameni kumancinci, amanyathelo, angasongeli kwimiqathango ebizwa ngokuba yi-desensitization
- Unyango lonxibelelwano olulodwa, ngolunye unyango lwentsapho okanye unyango lweqela
- Ukufunda ukuphucula iindlela ezifana nokuphefumula
- Amachiza okuxhatshazwayo kunye noxinzelelo
> Imithombo:
> I-American Psychiatric Association. I-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (5th Ed) . IWashington DC: Umbhali; 2013.
> Davis TE, Ollendick TH, Öst LG. Unyango olunzulu lwe-Phobias ekhethekileyo kubantwana nakwi-Adolescents. Indlela yokuCocnitive and Practice Practice . 2009; 16 (3): 294-303. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.cbpra.2008.12.008.
> Ukuqonda Ukwesaba Kubantwana kunye nokuxhalabisa. I-American Academy yePediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/motional-problems/Pages/Ukuqonda-Izinkonzo-IiFiars-and-Anxieties.aspx.