Iikhampasi ze-Club eYurophu kunye ne-US zihamba ngeendlela ezigqithisileyo zekhokhoo, ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza i-chocolate, kunye nokuthatha amapilisi e-cocoo nokusela i-coacao-ephuza iziphuzo zabo zakutshanje.
Ngokungafani ne- phenycylidine (i-PCP okanye uthuli lengelosi), i-MDMA (ecstasy okanye i-Molly) kunye ne-cocaine, i-cocoo ayithathwa njengento elawulwa nguRhulumente wase-US; ngamanye amagama, ukucosa i-cocoo akuvumelekanga.
Ukongezelela, kukho kuphela uphando olusasazekayo kunye nolwazi oluninzi lwefuthe le-cocoo kunye necoleta.
Kwizame zokuxubusha ukubonakala okuphezulu okuvela kwi-cocoo, masiqwalasele ngokucacileyo ukuba yintoni i-coacao eyenziwe kunye nophando oluzama ukucacisa imiphumo yalo, ngokubhekiselele kwi-chocolate, kwi-system ye-nervous system.
Ukwakhiwa
Inyosi yekhoa iqulethe ngaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini. Ezinye izixhobo zekhokho ziquka iiprotheni kunye nezinye iifom e-nitrogen eziqukethe, njenge-theobromines kunye ne-caffeine. Phakathi kwama-20 ukuya kuma-25 ekhulwini kwembotyi ye-coao ushukela okanye i-carbohydrate.
Njengokuba nayiphi na izondlo zempilo ziyazi, i-cocoo inotye kwi-antioxidants, kuquka i-flavonoids njenge-epicatechin ne-catechin. Xa ibhontshisi yekhokho iqhutshwa kwi-cocoa i powder kunye necoleta ngeendlela zokuvumba kunye nokugcoba, ilahlekelwa ngumxholo wayo wokulwa ne-antioxidant.
I-Cacao iqukethe ezinye iimveliso ezinokusetyenziswa kweziphumo ze-biological and psychoactive eziquka:
- Phylethylamine
- Serotonin
- Tryptophan
- Tryptamine
- ITirramine
- Tyrosine
- Anandamide
- Salsolinol
- Tetrahydro-b-carbolines
Zininzi zalezi zixhobo zihlanganiswa ngumzimba ngaphambi kokuba zenze ukuba zisasaze. Ngokukodwa, i-biologic amines serotonin, tryptophan, phenylethylamine, tyramine, tyrosine, kunye ne-tryptamine zidilizwe yi-monoamine oxidases ezintso, isibindi, namathumbu.
(Abantu abangenayo i-monoamine oxidases kufuneka baphephe i-tsholethi ukuze bangavelisi iintloko kunye nokunyuswa kwegazi.)
Iimpembelelo zengqondo
Kutyula ukubiza ikhocao okanye ushokoledi kwisiza. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba izifiso ze-tshokolethi zifana neziganeko zokuxhomekeka kwezinto, abanye abaphandi baphefumulelwe ukuba bahlolisise imiphumo ye-tsholatshi ebuchosheni.
IAnandamine ihlanganiswe. Izifaniso ezimbini ze-anandamine zifumaneka kwi tsholethi. Ezi i-anandamine ezifanayo zifana ne-cannabanoids (i-marijuana) kwaye inokubangela ukunyuka. Esikhundleni sokubangela ngokuthe ngqo ukunyuka komzimba, kunjalo, ezi zinyango zine-anandamine zineempembelelo ezijikelezayo xa zivimbela ukuphahlaka kwe-anandamines engapheliyo evele iveliswe emzimbeni.
Iziphumo zeSerotonin. USerotonin ulungelelanisa iqela leenkqubo zemizimba emzimbeni, kubandakanya ukulala, ukulawula umgudu kunye nesondlo. Kwangexesha elide, iingcali zithi i-serotonin idibanisa ukutya kunye nomoya kunye nokufuna ishokoleta kunye ne-carbohydrates ngandlela-thile kubonisa ukusilela kwe-serotonin-ingakumbi kulabo bantu bacinezelekileyo.
Enyanisweni, iifundo ezibandakanya abantu abaneengxaki zexesha elichaphazelekayo kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo oluthile luyasixhasa le ngcamango.
Nangona kunjalo, into eyenziwa yi-chocolate ye-chocolate njenge-biological response to depression ibonakala ngokugqithiseleyo kukuba abantu abaninzi abanengxaki yokudakumba abanqweneli ukutya kuzo zonke.
Esinye isizathu isizathu sokuthi i-chocolate ukusetshenziswa kuxhunyiwe kwi-serotonin kunye nesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo sinokwenziwa ngophando olubonisa ukuba amanqanaba e-serotonin akhuliswa kuphela emva kokutya kokutya okungaphantsi kweepesenti ezimbini; i-chocolates, i-chocolate iproteinyini ye-5 ekhulwini.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba iinzuzo ze-chocolate kunye ne-carbohydrate zenzeke ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwe-serotonin, ebonisa ukuba ezi zinzuzo zengqondo zinokuba nzima kunokuba zichazwe ngu-serotonin yodwa.
Iimpembelelo zeOpioid . Abantu abaxhomekeke kwi-heroin nakwezinye i-opioids bahlala bekhwela iifomese njengetshokolethi. Ukongezelela, ezinye iimeko zomzimba, kuquka ukukhulelwa, ukuya esikhathini, ukuxhomekeka kotywala, kunye nokuphazamiseka kokutya, kwaye utshintshe amanqanaba angapheliyo, okanye angaphakathi, opioid emzimbeni. Le mibutho iye yabangela iingcali ukuba zibonise ukuba i-opioids kunye nechocolatelethi zidibaniswe ngandlela-thile.
Uphando lujonge ukuxhasa le ngcamango. Ngokukodwa, i-endorphins, e-opioids, ikhutshwe emva kokutya ukutya okumnandi njengokothokolethi. Ngaphezu koko, ukukhululwa kwama-endorphin emva kokutya i-tshokoleta okanye into enomnandi kwaye enomdla ibonakala ivelisa i- analgesia , okanye i-relief relief, kunye nokuphakama kwemizwa.
Ngokomzekelo, abantwana abasandul 'ukufumana ulwaluko kubonakala bevalelwa intlungu emva kokuthatha amaconsi e-sucrose, okanye ishukela, isisombululo. Ukongezelela, isiphumo sezinto ezintle ezifana nezishukela kunye neshokoleta kunokutshintshwa ngu-naltrexone, ophikisana ne-opioid enikwa abantu abafumana ukuxhomekeka kwe-heroin opioid.
ICatechin ne-epicatechin. I-flavonoids catechin kunye ne-epicateyin ekhoyo kwi-coacao yenza ukuba ijikeleze emva kokusetyenziswa kwetshokolethi. Ukongezelela, ngokusekelwe kwizifundo zezilwanyana, i-epicatechin ne-catechin iwela umqobo weengqondo zegazi kunye nokuqokelela kwingqondo. Olu qoqo lwe-flavonoids lunokuba nemiphumo enengqiqo.
Ukuhamba kwegazi . Ukuze ubuchopho bethu busebenze kakuhle, sidinga ukuhamba kwegazi okanye ukusabalalisa kakuhle kwe-cerebral. Ukusabalalisa okufanelekileyo kwe-cerebral kuyimfuneko ukubonelela i-glucose kwingqondo kunye nokucoca imveliso yeenkunkuma.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-cocoo, iwayini, iidiliya, ama-berries, utamatisi, kunye ne-soy yiyo yonke into ecebileyo ye-polyphenol ekhuthaza i-vasodilation yemigudu yegazi kwaye ikhuthaza ukujikeleza kwengqondo. Ezi mpembelelo zengqondo zingancedisa ukucacisa ukukhuthazwa, ukuqwalasela, ukuxininisa, imemori, imisebenzi ebonakalayo, kunye nezinye iinzuzo zokuqonda kunye ne-cerebral ye-cocoo.
Okuthakazelisayo, i-flavonoids ekhona kwi-cocoo nayo inganciphisa isitya se-endothelial senescence kulabo abayidlayo, kubonisa ukuba iziphumo zokulwa nokuguga. Ngamanye amazwi, i-tsholeta inokunceda ukwenza ingqondo yakho ibe yincinane! I-Flavonoids inokukhusela i-neurons kumonakalo obangelwa ngama-neurotoxin, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwe-neurons, nokuphucula ukufunda, imemori, kunye nomsebenzi wokuqonda.
Iziphumo zeDopamine . Abantu abasadli ngokuyininzi ukuze banelise amandla okwehla kwamandla kodwa kunokuba badle kakhulu ukuzonwabisa. Ukuba uye wakha isidyulo kwivenkile yokutyela emva kokuzifaka kwiibheno kunye nekhosi ephezulu, ungavuma.
Ngaphandle kwe- benzodiazepines , i-mesolimbic system of dopaminergic inxaxheba ekungeniseni zonke iziyobisi zokusetyenziswa kakubi. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cocoo kunye ne-ts'ofile kwikhombisa kwakhona i-dopamine receptors yomzimba. Lo msebenzi awunakucacile kwiphokoleti ngesinye kwaye kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwamanye ukutya, naye.
Ikhonkco phakathi kweThokoleta kunye neMood
Kwiphando lophando oluxhaswa yi-Australian Health and Medical Research Council kunye nesibonelelo esivela ku-Pfizer, abaphandi base-Australia bahlolisisa ukukhanga kweethokoleta kubantu abanexinzelelo, ukuxinezeleka, kunye nokukhathazeka komuntu (i-neuroticism). U- yperphagi , okanye ukutya okudlulileyo , uphawu oluphawulekayo kulabo abanexinzelelo.
Abaphandi bahlalutya iimpendulo zenzululwazi kwi-intanethi ezivela kuma-2692 abathathi-nxaxheba-kunxusa idatha kwiimpawu ezixinezelekileyo, izibalo zabantu, unyango lweengqungquthela eziphazamisayo, ukwakha ubuntu, nokuba ingaba i-tshokoleji ifanelwe xa ixinekile.
Bonke abaphendululwazi baphendule abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-18 ubudala, abaneminyaka yobudala abaneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaphandwayo babone iimpawu ezixinzelelekileyo kwiiveki ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Phantse iipesenti ezingama-71 zabaphendululwazi babesetyhini, ama-74 ekhulwini ayenamachiza okuxhatshazwayo kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye i-78 ekhulwini befumene iingcebiso okanye ezinye iindlela zengqondo.
Phakathi kwabaphenyi abaphenduliweyo, ama-54 ekhulwini abiza ukuthanda ukutya, kunye ne-45 ekhulwini kwiprocolate. Ukongezelela, phakathi kwabaphenduli abafuna ishokoleta, iipesenti ezingama-61 ziqinisekisiwe ukuba zinokwenziwa kwecoleta ukuze ziphuculwe. Ikhekhelethi "i-cravers" nayo yathi ityhokolethi yabenza bazive bengacatshanganga kwaye bexhalabile. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba i-tshokoleta yafunwa ngabantu abane-neuroticism kwaye ukukhanga kweshokoleta kwakubonisa ukuxinezeleka.
Nangona iziphumo zolu cwaningo ngokubanzi zibhekiselele ekuphuculeni isimo sengqondo phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisa i-chocolate-derived-derived, kukho imiba ethile ekunciphiseni ukufaka isicelo kunye nokuziphendulela kwezi ziphumo. Okokuqala, iziphumo zolu cwaningo zazingqinekanga kwaye zingagunyazisiwe ngabaphandi. Okwesibini, abathathi-nxaxheba babe nexinzelelo kwaye mhlawumbi bexhamla, kwaye abaphandi abazange bahlolisise abantu ngaphandle kokudandatheka kunye neuroticism. Ngamanye amazwi, ezi ziphumo azizisebenzisi ngokuzenzekelayo kubantu abangenakho ukudakumba okanye mhlawumbi nge-neuroticism. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abaninzi abahamba ngeeklabhu abayidonsa i-cocoo abananto yokudandatheka okanye i-neuroses.
Isiphelo
Singaze sisazi kakuhle ukuba "iindawo eziphezulu" ezinokuzifumana emva kweendlela zokunqanda i-cocoo, ngokwenene, zithile kwi-tshokoleta okanye impembelelo ye-placebo. Ngokutsho kweZiko leSizwe lolwazi lwe-Biotechnology (NCBI):
Impembelelo ye-placebo ichazwa njengempendulo yomzimba emva kokulawulwa kwe-pharmacologically 'remedy'. Igama elithi placebo lithetha ukuthi 'ndiya kukukholisa,' kwaye umphumo we-placebo unomlando omdala wokusetyenziswa (kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi) kwiyeza. Ukunyaniseka kwempembelelo akunakuphikiswa. "
Uphando lucebisa ukuba i-cocoo kunye necoleta zenza imvakalelo ethile kunye nemiphumo engqondweni. Inkqubo yomsebenzi onjalo ibandakanya ama-neurotransmitter ahlukeneyo kunye nokunye. Ngamanye amagama, mhlawumbi akukho sizathu esinye isizathu sokuba ezi zinto ziphakamisa imizwelo.
Ndimele ndikhuphe, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ibango elitshatyalaliswa yikhokho yendalo. Ngaphandle kweminwe yakho, unamathele nantoni na iipumlo zakho ezingekho ngokwemvelo kwaye, ngaphandle kokuba uqondiswe ngugqirha wakho, ndiyakuyeka ukukhawuleza nantoni na. Ngaphandle kwe-counter-the-counter (i-OTC) i-decongestants yamasongo ingaba nemiphumo emibi xa isetyenziswe ngokugqithiseleyo-ngokukodwa ukuphuhliswa kokuncintisana kokuhlawulela okungabangela umjikelezo onobuxhomekeke bokuxhomekeke kumsebenzisi.
Iimbambano ezibini eziza engqondweni xa abantu behlutha izinto zangaphandle zivuthayo kunye nosulelo . Izinto ezingaphandle zangeniswa kwindlela yokuphefumula zingabangela ukuvuvukala, okokuba, kunokubangela ukuba umntu athathe isifo. Ukuba umntu uhlala ehlala e-nightbing night-late, ukusela, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, kunye nokukhwabanisa i-cocoo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisenokungena phantsi kwaye sithintele kwisifo sokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi phambi kobuhlungu.
Nceda uqaphele ukuba ezi nkxalabo zicacile ukuba zikhuphe i-cocoo kwaye ayisebenzisi ukuba iipoyio okanye i-cocoo, ezibonakala zikhokelela ekuphakameni kwama-anecdotal. Nangona andiqinisekanga ukuba yiyiphi into eyenziwa kule miqulunqo, ngokusekelwe kwingcaciso efumanekayo, ezi zinto zingenakubungozi. Nangona kunjalo, kukusoloko kukulungele ukuqikelela xa uthengela into enomxholo kunye nokungalawulwa.
> Imithombo
> Uluhlu lwe: Uluhlu lweeNkqubo eziLawulayo eziManyeneyo. Agasti 2016. http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/orangebook/orangebook.pdf
> Nehlig A. Iimpembelelo ze-Neuroprotective zeCocoa Flavanol kunye nefuthe layo kwiNtsebenzo yokuCocnitive. IBritish Journal ye-Pharmacology. 2012: 75: 716-727.
> Parker G, Crawford J. Chocolate Craving Xa Uxinezelekile: Ummeli womntu. IBritish Journal of Psychiatry. 2007; 191: 351-352.
> Parker G, Parker I, Brotchie H. Mood Iimpembelelo zeSikolo. Umbhalo weengxaki ezichaphazelekayo. 2006; 92: 149-159.