Iincinci ezichazwe yiNIAAA
Ukugqithisa inkolelo ye "utywala oqhelekileyo," i-National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism abaphandi baye bafumanisa iincinci ezinhlanu zotywala ekufundeni abantu aba-1,484 abadibene neendlela zokuxilonga ngokuxhomekeka kotywala .
Uphando lufumanise ukuba iqela elikhulu lamanxila ase-US ngabantu abadala. Ipesenti ezingamashumi amabini zisebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ngaphezu kwesahlulo asinayo intsapho yembasa yotywala.
Uhlolisiso luqhutywe nguHoward B. Moss, MD, NIAAA umlawuli onxulumene nophando lweklinikhi kunye nokuguqulela, kunye neqela labaphandi. Uphononongo luvela kwiimpendulo kwi-National Epidemiological Survey kwi-Alcohol kunye neemeko ezihambelanayo, uphando lwe-epidemiological utywala, iziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo e-United States.
Iintlobo zoTywala
Abaphandi ba-NIAAA bachaza ama-subtypes amahlanu e-alcoholic ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Baye babhala ipesenti yoluhlobo ngalunye oluqulunqa inani lamanxila ase-US:
Utywala obuncinane
- 31.5 ekhulwini.
- Abancinci abaselula, kunye namazinga athile aphantsi kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
- Ixabiso eliphantsi lotywala.
- Ngokuqhelekileyo bafune naluphi na uhlobo loncedo lokusela kwabo.
Utywala Olutsha
- 21 ekhulwini.
- Uninzi lwayo lwama-20s kwaye luqala ukusela ngokukhawuleza kunye neengxaki zokusela utywala.
- Ingaphezulu kwesiqingatha zivela kwiintsapho ezinokutywala utywala, kwaye malunga nesiqingatha zinokuxilongwa ngengqondo yengxaki yokuziphatha kwabantu .
- Abaninzi banokudakumba okukhulu, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa.
- Amaphesenti angaba ngu-75 abhema umsila kunye ne-marijuana, kwaye baninzi nabo bane-cocaine ne-opiate.
- Ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu bafune uncedo lokusela kwabo.
Utywala
- 19.5 ekhulwini.
- Abadala abaneminyaka ephakathi, abafundiswe kakuhle, abaneemisebenzi ezintle kunye neentsapho.
- Phantse enye yesithathu ineembalo zentsapho ehlukeneyo yobunxila
- Ikota-nye yayinezifo ezidandathelisayo ngexesha elithile ebomini babo.
- Phantse ama-50 ekhulwini ababhemayo.
Uhlobo loTywala loLuntu oluphakathi
- 19 ekhulwini.
- Abadala abaphakathi kunye nesiqingatha ezivela kwiintsapho ezinezidakamizwa ezininzi.
- Phantse isiqingatha ziye zinexinzelelo, kwaye iipesenti ezingama-20 zine-disorder bipolar.
- Uninzi lutshaya icuba, kwaye malunga nantlanu ngxelo ye cocaine kunye nokusetyenziswa kwegogu.
- Phantse iipesenti ezingama-25 zize zifune unyango ngenxa yokusela kwabo ingxaki.
Utywala obuTywala obungapheliyo
- 9 ekhulwini.
- Uninzi lwabadala abaneminyaka emibini ubudala abaye baqala ukusela iingxaki zokusela nokusela.
- Amanani aphakamileyo okungaxhatshazwa kwabantu kunye nobugebengu.
- Phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zivela kwiintsapho ezinezidakamizwa ezininzi.
- Zineentlawulo eziphezulu zezinye iingxaki zengqondo eziquka ukuxinezeleka, ingxaki ye-bipolar kunye neengxaki zokuxhalabisa.
- Eli qela linamazinga aphezulu okutshaya, kunye ne-marijuana, i-cocaine, ne-opiate dependence.
- Ababini kwisithathu bafuna uncedo lweengxaki zabo zokusela, benza ukuba luhlobo oludlulileyo lomnxila kunyango.
Izifundo ezidlulileyo ezazama ukufumanisa i-subtypes yobutywala ziqhutywe nabantu ababesela unyango ngenxa yokusela utywala.
Ngoko ke, ipesenteji enkulu yezidakwa zashiywa ngaphandle kwezi zifundo, kuba kuphela enye yesine yabatywala abaye bafuna unyango.
Imithombo:
Moss, Howard B., Chenb, Chiung M. no Yi, Hsiao-ye. "Iincinci zeNxila yoTywala kuMzekelo weSizwe." Ukuxhomekeka kweziyobisi kunye noTywala ,
AmaZiko eZiko lezeMpilo, abaPhandi bachonga iziTywala zoTywala. Juni 28, 2007.