Amaqabane amaninzi ngakumbi ukuba abe namava amaninzi kunamadoda
Utywala kuseyona isistim esidume kakhulu nesasetyenziswa kakhulu kubafundi beekholeji. Kuqikelelwa ukuba phantse i-75% yazo zonke iikholeji zabafundi basele kratya, yaye abaninzi babo bathelela ekuxileni.
Kwaba bafundi abaninzi bephuza ngokwexesha elidlulileyo ipesenti ezithile zabo ziya kubakho ukukhumbula ukukhunjulwa, kwaye oko kungabangela iingxaki njengoko aba bancinci abancinci bebandakanya iimpawu ezinobungozi ngelo xesha.
Abantu abafumana ukutshabalalisa bangenza ukhetho oluyingozi xa isigwebo sabo, ukulawula umgudu, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo kunobungozi ngenxa yokuxiliswa . Kwaye, uphando lubonisa ukuba abafundi basetyhini banomngcipheko omkhulu wokwenza ukhetho olunobungozi ngexesha elimnyama lifaniswa nabafundi besilisa.
Abaphandi kwi-Duke University Medical Centre baqhube uphando kwi-772 abafundi beekholeji ukuba bahlolisise umbandela wokungabikho.
Phantse iHlf Wayenomdla Omnyama
Iziphumo ze-imeyile yophando zibandakanya:
- I-74.2% yabafundi babelala kwiiveki ezimbini ezedlulileyo
- I-9.4% yabhekene ne-blackout kwiiveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo
- I-40% yayinomdla kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo
"Olu pho nonongo lubonisa ukuba ukucinga okuqhelekileyo okubangelwa yizilwanyana ezinxilisayo kuphela," watsho uAron White, Ph.D., uprofesa oncedisayo wophando lweengqondo kwiDuke kunye nomkhokeli wocwaningo. "Kunokwenzeka ukuba batywala abantu, njengabafundi esacatshangelwayo, ukuba bavelele xa bexakela utywala.
Uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abafundi beekholeji bajwayelene kakhulu nabangaphandle kunabantu abaninzi, kuquka nathi, bacinga. "
Ukuphindaphinda kwamaBlackouts
Iqela labafundi elihlolisisiweyo liye lahlulwa ngokulinganayo kubantu abatsha, i-sophomores, i-juniors kunye nabadala, kunye phakathi kwamadoda nabasetyhini. Bonke abafundi ababandakanyiweyo kwiphenonti babeyiminyaka eyi-18 okanye ngaphezulu.
Ucwaningo lwama-19 lucele abafundi ukuba bafumane ulwazi malunga noluntu, ukusela, imbali yentsapho kunye neengxaki zotywala, ukuhamba kwamaxesha amnyama kunye neentlobo zeziganeko abafundi abaye bafunda ukuba baye bathatha inxaxheba ngexesha lesiganeko somnyama.
"Ngethuba lokumnyama, umntu unako ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimicimbi engummiselo, okhuselweyo ngokwemvakalelo kodwa ayiyi kubukhumbula oko kwenzekayo," kubikwa uMhlophe. "Abafundi abaninzi ekufundweni babonisa ukuba kamva bafunde ukuba baye basebenzelana nemisebenzi enobungozi ngexesha lobuthathaka babo - njengokuba bengenalo isondo esingasakhuselekanga ngokwesondo, ukuphazamisa ipropathi okanye ukuqhuba imoto-okubangakhokelela kwimiphumo enempilo okanye emthethweni. "U
Ukwenza izinto eziyingozi
UMhlophe wathi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokuxhatshazwa okufunekayo ukufumana umnyama, ezinye iinkqubo zengqondo zingaphazamiseka.
"Ukuphazamiseka kwisigwebo, ukwenza izigqibo, nokulawula umonakalo kunokukhokelela umntu ukuba enze ukhetho olunobungozi ngexesha lokumnyama," kusho uMhlophe.
Uphando lubonakalise ukuba nangona abafundi besifazane batywala kakhulu kunabantwana besilisa, bekunokwenzeka ukuba banokuthi bangabikho emngciphekweni omkhulu.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza Kwangathi Kubalulekileyo
Abaphandi baDuke abakholelwa ukuba badla ngobuninzi botywala ngokukhawuleza banyusela umngcipheko wokutya ngenxa yokunyusa umthamo wegazi lomnxila ngezinga elithatha iingqondo zeengqondo ezibalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwezikhumbuzo ezingakulungele ukujongana nokusela okuninzi.
Xa utywala ludla ngokukhawuleza, umzimba unethuba lokuhlakulela ngokwaneleyo iqondo lokunyamezela ukukhusela ingqondo kubafundi, abaphandi bathi.
Umvuzo onobungozi wePhasi
"Kwiikholeji, ngokubanzi, abantu abaselula bahlala ngokuzimeleyo ngokokuqala ngqa ebomini babo," watsho uH.
UScott Swartzwelder, u-Ph.D., uprofesa weklinikhi weengqondo zengqondo eDuke, ososayensi ophezulu ophando lwezobugcisa kunye neSebe laseMelika leMagqirha kunye no-co-author.
"Ngenkululeko entsha, abaninzi abantu abaselula bayaya kwindlela yokuhlola engabandakanya ukuhlola utywala nokusela kakhulu. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kubhekwa njengendlela yokufunda abantu abadala kwaye kuye kwamkelwa ngokupheleleyo kwiinkcubeko zaseMerika, kodwa abantu bafanele baqonde ukuba Inkcubeko yokusela ihluke kakhulu kunokuba yayineminyaka ethile edlulileyo. Abafundi abaninzi namhlanje baphuza ngokukodwa ukuba banxilise. Oku kwandisa ingozi yazo zonke iintlobo zeziphumo, kubandakanywa ukungena. "
Iziphumo zexesha elide
Iziphumo ezifundwayo zibaluleke kakhulu kuba zixhasa iincwadi ezinkulu ezibonisa ukuba abafundi bachitha ubuninzi botywala kwaye baya kuba nemiphumo emibi, "watsho uFulton T. Crews, Ph.D., umlawuli weziko lezoLimo lweNxila IYunivesithi yaseNorth Carolina, iChapel Hill.
Umonakalo wobunongo owenziwe ngethuba lokubuthwa lunokuba luncedo kamva kwimpilo njengoko iinkqubo zokuguga zinciphisa amandla okugcina abantu, "watsho. Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa zingaba zibalaseleyo xa abantu bekhula. Ngoko ke ingozi ezi ntlobo zeengqungquthela azikho nje ingozi yokuxhwaleka kunye nokulimala ngexesha lokuphela komntu, kodwa kunokuquka imiphumo emide kwimpilo kamva. "
I-Duke ososayensi ibonisa ukuba uqeqesho oluqhelekileyo lokuqeqeshwa kotywala kwabafundi kufuneka lubandakanye ulwazi oluthe xaxa malunga nokusabalalisa, kutheni kwenzeke ntoni, kunye neengozi ezinobungozi.
"Sifuna ukubonelela abafundi ngolwazi oluya kubanceda benze izigqibo ezifanelekileyo, malunga nokusetyenziswa kotywala," utshilo uMhlophe. "Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi baqonde ukuba ziphi na izinto ezibonakalayo kwaye zeziphi izinto ezibonakala ziphakamisa umngcipheko wezinto ezibangelwa ngumnyama ukuze zikhunjulwe."
Imithombo:
Hurlbut, SC, kwi-al. "Ukuvavanya iingxaki zoTywala kwiiKholeji zabaFundi." Umbhalo we-American College College ngo- Ephreli 2011
I-White, AM, ne-al. "Ukuxhatshazwa kunye neCorrelates yoTywala-okubangelwa ngabantu abamnyama phakathi kwabafundi beKholeji: Iziphumo ze-E-Mail Survey." Umbhalo we-American College College ngoNovemba 2002