Umlwelwe kunye nesisindo sokuva
Xa ndandisemgangathweni ophezulu, ndade ndidibana kunye neziyobisi. Ngelinye ilanga iqela elincinci leentsha zokuvalelwa lam memela ukuba ndizame "izinto," kwaye zibonise yona. Kwakumhlophe kunye ne-powdery. Andizange ndiyazi ukuba kwakunjani, kodwa i-intuition yam indixelele ukuba into embi. Xa ndijonga emva, ndiyakholwa ukuba yi-cocaine. Ngethamsanqa, ngelo xesha ndibe nengqiqo ngokwaneleyo yokuthi hayi.
Ngama-70s, abazange bafundise ngamachiza kwaye nento endiyayazi yayivela ekufundeni.
Imfundo Yeziyobisi kubafundi abayizithulu
Kukho iividiyo ezichongiweyo kunye nezityikityiweyo ezitholakalayo kwiNkqubo echaziweyo kunye neNgcaciso yeMedia phantsi kweCandelo loLwaphulo-mthetho loLwaphulo-mthetho, olunokufumaneka kwiCandelo lezeMpilo noKhuseleko. Inqaku elijongene nemfundo yezidakamizwa kubafundi abayizithulu "Imfundo yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi (DARE): ingqalelo ngokukhethekileyo kubafundi abayizithulu okanye abanzima ukuva," I- Journal ye-American Deafness and Rehabilitation Association, 9-11, vol. 26, akukho. 2, Fall 1992.
Uphando malunga nokuSilwa nokuPhathwa kakubi kweziyobisi
Amanqaku amaninzi abhalwa ngokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi kwizithulu nabantu abanzima bokuva. Uhlelo lweMicrosoft Chemical Dependency Programme lunika amanqaku amaninzi kwi-intanethi, ezininzi zazo zibhalebhuliyo. Izihloko ziquka ukuziphatha, ukufikelela kwonyango, kunye nokuhlalutya imodeli yonyango yaseMinnesota.
Amanye amaphepha afaka:
- UIsake, uMonon J. (1979). Iipatheni zokusela phakathi kwezizithulu. I-American Journal yeDrug and Alcohol Abuse , 6 (4), 463-476.
- Ukubonelela ngonyango oluxhomekeke kumntu osisithulu okanye unomdla wokuvalelwa ngumntu ogula ngengqondo, I- Journal ye-American Intelligent and Rehabilitation Association , p 1-14, vol 27 no-1, ngohlobo lwe-1993.
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi phakathi kwabantu abangevayo: ukujonga ngokubanzi izicwangciso zamanje, iinkqubo kunye nemithintelo yokuphucula, I- Journal ye-American Intelligent and Rehabilitation Association , ivol. 22 no-4, uEpreli 1989, iphepha 79-85.
Ilayibrari yeYunivesithi yaseGallaudet eWashington, DC inomxholo othi "Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kunye nokubhema kwezinto zokulinda kwabahlali abathulukileyo nabavalelekileyo kwinkqubo yokunyangwa kweziyobisi," ngu-Eleanor C. Dunai (2001). Enye ingqungquthela kwakhona kwifayili kwilayibrari yaseYunivesithi yaseGalududy "Uhlalutyo lwezinto ezichaphazelekayo ezichaphazela iziphumo zezonyango ezixhomekeke kwizityalo kunye nabantu abanzima bokuva," ngu Debra Sue Guthmann-Ternus (1995). Zomibini zi nookufumaneka kwiYunivesithi yamaZiko eManyeneyo.
Ukuxhasa abaSebenzi beeNkunkuma eziThulu
Amaqela enkxaso kubantu abaxhaphakileyo abasebenzisa iziyobisi zikhoyo nangona kubonakala ukuba bambalwa kubo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokwemfundi omnye, iintlozo ezingenakunqununu zenzeka kwiintlanganiso zikaFrederick, eMadgan ngoLwesithathu ngentambama. Umfundi ofanayo wathi kukho intlanganiso ye-AA kunye nomguquleli we-ASL eWashington, DC ngeCawa ngosuku, ngo-1623 Connecticut Ave.
Iziko loLonyango
Amanye amaziko enyango athe wongeza iinkonzo zabaxhaphazi beziyobisi abazizithulu.
I-National Directory yoTywala kunye nezinye iiNkqubo zoLungiso kunye noTyango Iinkqubo ezifikeleleke kwizithulu, ziyafumaneka kwiRochester Institute of Technology kunye neSoxy Services Intervention Services (i-SAISD). Isixhobo esinokukhuphela singasetyenziswe ngabantu abayizithulu abafuna uncedo okanye abacebisi abafuna iinkqubo zabaxhasi abanesidingo.
IiNkqubo zoRhulumente
Amanye amazwe aneenkonzo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwezizithulu:
- Maryland
- IiNkonzo zokuLungiswa kweziThulu e-Maryland (iDASAM)
- Minnesota
- Inkqubo yeMicrosoft Dependency Programme yeziThulu kunye noLuntu oluMntu oMva
- Enew Jersey
- Iimpawu zeSobriety, inkqubo eNew Jersey.
- Inew york
- Iinkonzo kunye neNkonzo yokuLawulwa kweziTywala kubantu abaziThulu kwi-Institute of Technology yaseRochester eRochester, eNew York. Banikezela ngeenkonzo zabaxhasi kunye nabaqeqeshi abasebenza kunye nabaxhaphazi basebenzi abazizithulu.
- I-FEGS-iNew York Society yeziThulu inika inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
- EWashington, DC
- Iziko lezeMpilo eNgqondo kwiYunivesithi yaseGalududy inikeza inkqubo yokusetyenziswa kotywala nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.
Imibutho yezobugcisa
U-ADARA, owayengumbutho wezentlupheko waseMerika kunye noThuthulo, ngumbutho onobungcali kubaboneleli benkonzo kubantu abazizithulu nabanzima bokuva. Phakathi kwamacandelo akhe anomdla okhethekileyo yicandelo leCompontency.
Iincwadi kwiNtlupheko kunye neziyobisi
Ezi ncwadi zentlupheko kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala / iziyobisi zikhoyo:
- Iintlanzi kunye ne-Sober: IiNdwendwe Ngokubuyiselwa , nguBetty G. Miller. (thelekisa amanani)
- Iimpawu zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Intshayelelo yezinye iziLawuli neziNxulumene noTywala kwiLizwe loLwimi lweMerika (thelekisa amanani)
- Ukucebisa iApps Abuser Izinto (i-ISBN 0966375300), nguFrank Lala. Efumaneka ngoGregory Kassel, Inkampani ye-Midas Management, PO Box 610393, iSan Jose, CA 95161
Imfundo kwiNtsifo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kakubi
ISebe lezeNzululwazi ye-Yunivesithi yaseGallaudet inikeza inkambo, "Utywala kunye noTywala eMthethweni." Inkcazo yenkcazo kwikhathalogu yaseGallaudet ithi:
- Le khosi ilungiselela umfundi kwelinye lezakhono zokunceda ukuqonda imiba ephambili enxulumene nokusetyenziswa nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi, kuquka i-narcotics, izixinzelelo, izikhuthazo, ii-hallucinogens kunye ne-marijuana. Iimpembelelo zokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa kumntu ngamnye, intsapho kunye noluntu ziya kuhlolwa, kubandakanywa nemilinganiselo yengqondo yabantwana benxila kunye nabaxhaphazi beziyobisi. Ugxininiso luya kuphuhliswa kwezakhono zongenelelo kunye nokuchonga umntu osebenzisa kakubi iikhemikhali. Ulwazi malunga nezibonelelo zoluntu kunye neeprogram, ingqwalasela enikezelwa ekufikeleleni kubasebenzisi beziyobisi abazizithulu, iya kugutywa.
Ukongeza, i-Learning Learning Centre ye-Adding Studies (www.dlcas.com/) inikezela izifundo kwizithulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi: Izizithulu / Ukukhutshwa Kanzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi.