Kukho iiNqanaba eziPhakamileyo zeCadmium kwi-smoke cigarette
I-Cadmium yinyithi enesifo esinobuthi esenzeka kwimvelo. I-Cadmium iphinda iveliswe njengemveliso-yenkqubo yokwenza i-smelting (ukufudumeza kunye nokuqhaqha i-ores ukukhupha izitye). I-Cadmium ikhoyo kumanqanaba aphantsi ekudleni, kunye namazinga aphezulu kumsi wesigare.
Indlela iCadmium isetyenziswa ngayo
I-Cadmium ayiboni ngokulula, ngoko isebenza kakuhle kwiibhetri; usetyenziso oluphambili. I-Cadmium isetyenziswe kwisityambo somnxeba, iiplastiki kunye nokuveliswa kwempahla.
Ifom ye-cadmium exhaphake ngokubanzi kubemi ngokutya kunye nomsi wecuba.
Cadmium ekuDleni
I-Cadmium ivela ngokwemvelo kwizidlo ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ikhona emhlabathini nasemanzini. Amanqanaba eCadmium kwiindawo ezininzi zokutya zase-US ziphakathi kwe-2 no-40 kwiigidi zezigidi (2-40ppb). Iintyatyambo kunye neziyobisi ziqulethe ubuncinane be-cadmium, ngelixa iifuno ezinamagqabi kunye namazambane aluhlaza ziqulethe kakhulu. I-Shellfish, isibindi, kunye neentsholongwane zezintso nazo ziphezulu kwi-cadmium.
Kulinganiselwa ukuba i-micrograms ezingama-30 (i-mcg-millionths of gram) ye-cadmium umyinge oqhelekileyo wokutya imihla ngemihla, 1-3 mcg igcinwa ngumzimba.
Cadmium kwi-cigarette smoke
I-cigarette enye iqulethe i-1-2 mcg ye-cadmium. Xa kutshiswa, i-cadmium ikhona kwizinga le-1,000-3,000 ipheb kumsi. Phantse ama-40 ukuya kuma-60 ekhulwini le-cadmium eyanyanyiswayo kumsi wesigareta uyakwazi ukudlula emiphakeni ibe emzimbeni. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwipakethi nganye yocuba, umntu unokufumana enye i-mcg ye-cadmium ngaphezu kokuthathwa kwimiba ethile kwimpilo yabo yemihla ngemihla.
Ababhemayo banokuphindwa kabili kwi-cadmium emizimbeni yabo njengabangabhemi.
Ezinye iimithombo zeCadmium Exposure
Abantu abasebenza kwimisebenzi ethile yokubeka ingozi kakhulu banokujamelana nobungozi bokunyuka kwe-cadmium. Oku kubandakanya abantu abasebenza kunye:
- Ukuqhawula
- Ukunyusa
- Ibhetri, iiplastiki kunye nokuveliswa kwempahla
Umgangatho okhuselekileyo wokuBonisa
I-Arhente yoKhuselo kweNdalo yase-US (EPA) ibonisa ukuba inqanaba le-cadmium elikhuselekileyo emanzini okusela li-5 ppb okanye ngaphantsi. I-EPA ikholelwa ukuba le nqanaba yokuchasana ne-cadmium ayiyi kuvelisa nayiphi na ingxaki zempilo ezihambelana ne-cadmium.
Mngcipheko wezeMpilo
Ukutyhila ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-cadmium engenayo kunokuvelisa iimpawu ezilandelayo:
- isicupunu, ukuhlanza
- isifo sohudo
- iincampu zomzimba
- salivation
- ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo
- ukulimala kwesibindi
- zixhala
- tshutshiswa
- ukuhluleka komntu
Ukutyhila ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-cadmium engabonakaliyo kunokubangela iingxaki zamaphaphu kubandakanya i-pneumonitis kunye ne-edema ye-pulmona.
Ukunyanzeliswa kwexesha elide kunye nexesha elide kwi-cadmium kumanqanaba angaphezu kwezinto ezinokuthi zikhuselekileyo yi-EPA zingabangela imiphunga, isifo, isibindi, ithambo okanye umonakalo wegazi.
Cadmium kunye neCarcer
Nangona izigqibo ezingapheliyo zingasetyenzwa, i-International Agency yoPhando ngeCarcer kunye ne-US Environmental Protection Agency iye yaqinisekisa ukuba i-cadmium ingabangela umdlavuza.
Ngaphantsi
I-Cadmium iyinsimbi enesifo esinobuthi kwaye ikhona ngokukhulula kumsila wokubhema ugwayi. Yonakalisa izicubu ze-lungs kwaye iyakwakha emva kwexesha ukuba ibangele intliziyo, isibindi, ithambo kunye nomonakalo wegazi. I-Cadmium ingomnye wekhulu lee-toxins ezikhoyo kumsi wecuba.
Inkunkuma ingekho ixesha lokukhaba umkhwa wakho wokutshaya . Akunikezeli ngaphezu kwesifo kwaye ekugqibeleni - ukufa.
Imithombo:
I-Factsheet ye-Cadmium. 28 Novemba, 2006. I-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kweNdalo yase-US.
Cadmium Factsheet. Ngo-Apreli, 2010. Amacandelo okuLawula izifo.
Inkcazo yezeMpilo kaRhulumente yeCadmium. NgoJulayi, 1999. I-Arhente yeSifo soTyhefu kunye neRejistri yeZifo.