Kunzima ukwazi into enokuba yongezwa kwisihlunu se heroin
Isilwanyana esinomlutha kunye nesingekho mthethweni, heroin ithengiswa ngeendlela ezihlukileyo ezintathu : i-heroin yama-black, i-heroine yama-brown kunye ne-heroine emhlophe. Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-heroin luqulethe izithako ezahlukeneyo, kwaye zonke ziyakwazi ukufumana ezinye izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo, ezinokubangela ukwanda kweziyobisi, kwezinye iimeko zenza kube yingozi nakakhulu.
I-heroin idla ngokuba ngumxube we-diacetylmorphine, isithako esisebenzayo esivelisa iziphumo zeziyobisi, kunye neendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzalisa.
Ezinye zalezi zizalisi zinezinye i-opiates, kwaye zabelana ngenye yemiphumo yengqondo ye-heroin, kanti ezinye ziyi-powders ezabelana ngokubonakala kwimo ye heroin. Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, i-add-ins yilezi zitsholongwane ezingabangela iziphumo ezimbi ezibulalayo.
Psychoactive Ingredients
I-Diacetylmorphine, okanye i-diamorphine, i-painkiller enamandla kakhulu eyenzeka ngokwemvelo kwi-latex sap of seed pod ye-opium poppy, ebizwa ngokuba yi-opium. I-opium poppy ikhula kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kuquka iAsia, iAustralia, ezinye iindawo zeYurophu, iTurkey, Afghanistan, eColombia naseMexico.
Lo opiate yiyona isithako esichukumisayo esisisigxina kwi heroin, esenza i-heroin euphoric ephezulu. Kwakhona yintoni eyenza i-heroin impawu zayo eziluthayo kwaye idale imeko yokuxhomekeka komzimba phakathi kwabasebenzisi bayo; xa umntu esetyenzisileyo, xa befuna ukukhusela iimpawu zokurhoxa.
Ukufa okuhambelana nokugqithiswa kwe-opioid yokwenziwa kwe-opioid kuye kwaphakama ngaphezu kwama-300% e-USA ukususela ngo-2013, ngokuyininzi ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwe-heroin kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezingenziwanga ngokungafanelekanga i-fentanyl.
I-Fentanyl i-painkiller ye-opioid, eninzi ixesha elinamandla, kwaye yingozi kune heroin. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abasebenzisi beziyobisi banenkxalabo malunga ne-fentanyl kwi-heroin yabo, kwaye baninzi bavulelekile ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza, ezingasetyenziswa ukufumanisa ubukho befentanyl kwiisampulu zamachiza (ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa) okanye umchamo (emva kokusetyenziswa), kwaye unokunceda ukwazisa abantu malunga nobungozi babo bokungcola.
Ukongeza kwi-diacetylmorphine kunye ne-fentanyl, i-heroin yesitalato inokuthi iqulethe ezinye izidakamizwa zesitalato kunye neyeza, kuquka i-methamphetamine. Nangona i-meth ishukumisayo kunye ne-heroin ephumayo, zombini zivelisa iimvakalelo zomsindo, ngoko ke umthengisi weziyobisi unokungena ngokuxuba nayiphi na isicatshulwa esikhathazayo esichengisa ingqondo kunye ne-heroin ukuba iyafumaneka kwixabiso elincinci. I-Meth inomngcipheko wayo kwaye iqulethe iichiza ezinobuthi, okwenza ukuba ingakhuselekanga ngokuthe ngqo ukujoba ngqo kwigazi.
Black Tar Heroin
I-heroin ye-tar enomnyama, ebonakala ngathi ibhola ekhuni okanye enzima okanye i-chunk yezinto ezinobumba obumnyama, ikhiqizwa yinkqubo engenakucaceka, apho i-opiate ekhutshwe ngayo ingalinganiswanga ngokuthelekiswa ne-heroin emhlophe. Iqulethe iindidi ze-opiate ezincinci, ezihluke kwi-heroin.
Nangona i-heroin yamatye emnyama sele ijikeleze iminyaka engaphezu kwe-100, ukuthandwa kwayo eUnited States kwaqala ngo-1970 kuba kungabizi kwaye kulula ukwenza ngaphezu kwe-heroin e-white powder.
I-Street Heroin ye-Brown okanye i-White Powder
Ukuqhutyelwa phambili kwe-heroin yase-black tar, kunye nokusika nge-lactose, kunokuvelisa i-heroin e-brown. I-heroin ye-white powder inomzimba wayo ococekileyo uyisimboti setyuwa, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-diacetylmorphine hydrochloride, nangona iyakuthi ixutywe okanye "inqunywe" nezinye iifomders ezimhlophe, ezenza ukunciphisa amandla kunye nokwandisa umngcipheko wokungcola kunye nomonakalo wesifo xa isicatshulwa.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-heroin ecocekileyo, i-whiter kunye ne-shinier ibonakala, ngelixa ichithwe kakhulu i-heroin, i-duller ibonakala i powder emhlophe.
Iimpawu zeMichiza
Inkqubo yokwenza i-heroin e-opium ihluka, kuxhomekeke kwiindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nesibonelelo esenziwe kuyo. Ezi zixhobo zivela kwii-laboratories ezisemgangathweni ezisemgangathweni eziqhutywa ngamachemistri aqeqeshekileyo ngokupheleleyo, ukuzithengisa iilabhu eziqhutywe ngabenzi beziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni, ukwenza iinkqubo ze-orhift ezisebenzisa iidrama zamandulo kunye nemililo yangaphandle eqhutywa ngabalimi bendawo abanemfundo encinane okanye engekho kwimfundo yechemistry.
Kungekudala, i-heroin yenziwe kwiilabhu zasemakhaya ngabantu abazama ukuguqula i- painkillers ye- prescription ezifana ne-oxycodone kwi-heroin yesitalato.
Ayikho indlela yokwazi i-point of origin okanye izithako ezongezelelweyo ze-heroin ezithengwa kwisitalato. Ingaba ne-contaminants e-mveliso yenkqubo yokuvelisa, kuquka iikhemikhali ezifana ne-calcium oxide, i-ammonia, i-chloroform, i-hydrochloric acid kunye ne-anhydride ye-acetic.
Anesthetics
Heroin yesitrato sinokuthi iqulethe i-anesthetics yendawo, efana ne-xylocaine. Nangona i-anesthetics ngokwasemthethweni esetyenziselwa iinjongo zezokwelapha kunye namazinyo, zithwala ingozi, zinokuchaphazela iziphumo, kwaye ziyakwazi ukufumana ingozi, ezithwale ingozi eyongezelelweyo yemiphumo emibi yempilo, engabonakaliyo okanye ukuphathwa kakuhle ngabasebenzisi okanye abathengisi.
Iifayile
Ukuzalisa izithako zongezwa kwi-heroin ukwenzela ukuba abathengisi bakwazi ukwandisa iindleko zabo. Ziyahluka kwizinto ezinobungozi, ezifana ne-talc, ufulawa, i-cornstarch, ubisi oluyimpuphu kunye noshukela ahlukahlukeneyo, kwizinto ezinobungozi.
Ngokomzekelo, i-heroin ye-tar edibeneyo inokuhlanjululwa nge-polish emnyama okanye i-dirt. Ngezinye izikhathi i-Quinine ifakwe kwi heroin e-white powder.
Iimpawu zoTywala
Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukuba iityhefu zinqunywe kwi-heroin. I-Strychnine, esetyenziswe njenge-pesticide esetyenziselwa utyhefu, isinye isithako esinobuthi ngezinye ixutywe ne-heroin. Njengoko iifos nezinye izilwanyana ezincelisayo, i-strychnine iyingozi kubantu.
Iimpawu zengqondo ze-strychnine zityhefu zibandakanya ukuxhalaba, ukungazinzi, ukuphazamiseka, kunye nokunyuka kwempendulo "yomsindo". Izimpawu zomzimba ziquka ukuxubana komhlathi, ubuhlungu beentlungu kunye neengcambu, ukunyaniseka kweengalo nemilenze, kunye nokuququzela entanyeni nasemva.
I-heroin ye-tar yokumnyama ingadliwa ngomhlaba, enokuthi iqulethe i-spores yongcolisayo ebizwa nge-clostridium botulinum. Ukuba elo gama lizwakala ngokungaqhelekanga, lingaba kuba lidala uhlobo olunobungozi olunobungozi bokutya okubizwa ngokuba yi-botulism.
Ukuba ezi zilwanyana zingena kwilonda, edlalwa ngokuqhelekileyo xa ijoinin ye-tar, i-spores ingakwazi ukuhluma kwaye ibangele i-botulism. Nangona isilonda sinokubonakala sibancinane, usulelo luyingozi kakhulu.
I-botulism inxeba ivelisa i-neurotoxins yendawo, eyenza i-symmetrical, i-flaccid, yehla ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuzithandela, oku kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukuhambisa imisipha yakho xa uzama, ukuqhubela phambili ukuba ungakwazi ukuphefumula ngaphandle kokuncediswa, kwaye ekugqibeleni ungabulawa ukuba ungaphathiswa. Ubuthi be-Botulism busenokubangela ukufa. Iimpawu ze-botulism zetyhefu aziyi kuncedwa yi-naloxone, isilwanyana esisoloko sisetyenziselwa ukuguqula i-heroin ngaphezulu.
Nangona kungekhona isithako kwi heroin, abantu abashisa i-heroin kwi-aluminium foil ukuze baqhube imfucumfucu-into eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukuxosha inamba" - ingaba namazinga aphezulu e-aluminium emcinini. I-aluminium iyaziwa ngokuba yi-neurotoxin, nangona igalelo elide elide kubasebenzisi be-heroin lisadingeka liseke.
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