Iipilisi, izikhuthazo kunye nabaxinzelelo
Xa imithi okanye i-anti-counter-counter-medication zithathwa ngenxa yeenjongo zonyango, zinokuvelisa iziphumo zempilo ezingathintekiyo, ezibandakanya umlutha, ukuxhomekeka, ukugqithisa, kunye nokufa. Ezinye izigulane zinokuxhomekeka kumachiza nangona kuthathwa njengoko zichazwe, ngenxa yobume bala machiza.
Inani labantu abaye banomlutha kwizidakamizwa zamachiza e-United States liye laphakama kumanqanaba obhubhane, ngokubhekiselele kumagosa e-Centers for Control and Prevention of Disease.
Inani lokufa kwonyaka ngokuphuma kwengozi ngokukhawuleza landa ngezinga elimangazayo, lisuka kuma-4,000 ngonyaka ukuya ku-14,800 ngonyaka malunga neminyaka eyi-10.
Yiyiphi imishanguzo eyenza le nkqubela ye-epic ku-addiction and overdose deaths? Kukho amayeza amaninzi ahlukeneyo anokusetyenziswa kakubi, kodwa iziyobisi ezixhaphakileyo ngokuqhelekileyo zi:
Opioids
I-opioids, iimveliso zendalo kunye nezomculo ezinqunywe ngokukodwa ukuxinwa kweentlungu, zinokukhuseleka kwaye zisebenza kakuhle xa zithathwa njengoko zichazwe. Izigulane ezinobungozi, ukubuyisela ekutyunjeni, okanye ngokubuhlungu okungapheliyo, zingasetyenziselwa ukulawula kakuhle intlungu.
Kodwa i-painkillers - njenge-hydrocodone (i-Vicodin), i- oxycodone (i-Percocet), i-morphine, i-fentanyl, ne-codeine
I-opioids zidlalwa ngomlomo kwaye ezininzi zazo, ezifana nokuqulunqa okuthile kwe-oxycodone ( oxycontin ), zenzelwe ukuba izidakamizwa ezikhutshwa ngexesha.
Kodwa iipilisi zinokuchotshozwa kwaye i powder ekhuphayo inokukhenkcezwa okanye ijojowe, kubangele ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza kwesilwanyana kwinkqubo.
Yilapho ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwe-opioids kungaba yingozi, xa amayeza angaphezulu kunokuba atyhuselwe egazini, ukuvelisa ukuxhomekeka ngokukhawuleza kwilisi kunye nakwezinye iziganeko ezibangela ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwamanye amazwe.
Ziyakwazi nokuba yingozi kakhulu xa zithathwa ngotywala, antihistamines, barbiturates, okanye benzodiazepines.
Zi khuthaza
Izikhuthazo , ezifana ne-Adderall, i-Dexedrine, kunye neRitalin, zivame ukumiselwa ukwandisa ukulumka, ingqalelo kunye namandla. Ekuqaleni, zachazwa ngamagqirha kwiimeko ezahlukahlukeneyo zonyango, kodwa njengoko amandla abo okusetyenziswa gadalala kunye nokulutha komlutha zaziwa, ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwapheliswa kakhulu.
Ngoku, izikhuthazo zichazwe ngokukodwa ekunakekeleni i-ADHD kunye nokuphazamiseka kokulala, kunye nokunyusa ama-anti-depressants.
Xa uxhatshazwa, izikhuthazo zidlalwa ngomlomo, kodwa abanye abasebenzisi baya kutshabalalisa iipilisi emanzini baze bazame ukujoza umxube. Oku kunokubangela iingxaki ze-vascular.
Kukho iingozi ezininzi zezokwelapha ezinxulumene nokusetyenziswa kakubi kokusetyenziswa kakubi. Ezi zixhomekeke ngokukodwa kwinkqubo ye-cardiovascular system, kubandakanywa intliziyo esheshayo okanye engavumelekanga, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, kunye nomonakalo wentliziyo okanye ukungaphumeleli. Kukho kwakhona kunokuthatha iingxaki ezibangelwa yimpilo yengqondo ngokusetyenziswa kakubi.
Ukusetyenziswa okukhuthazayo kunokuba kuyingozi xa kudibene neendidi ezahlukeneyo zonyango, kubandakanywa nokuxhatshazwa kwezilwanyana ezithile kunye neyeza zokubanda ezibandayo, eziqulethe i-decongestants. Ukudibanisa kungabangela uxinzelelo oluphezulu lwegazi kunye nentliziyo engaqhelekanga.
Abacinezeli
Elinye iqela lezonyango ezongezelela ukwanda kwezinto ezidlulayo kwiUnited States ziyakhusela-hypnotics. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zala ma-agent angasetyenziswa kakubi.
Izixinzelelo ezixhaphakileyo ngokuqhelekileyo zi:
Iibharbiturates , ezifana neMebaral neNembutal. Eli candelo lonyango lisetyenziswe njenge-anesthhetics, amayeza okulwa ne-anti-seizure, kwaye yayisetyenziselwa ngaphambili ukukhathazeka nokulala. Ukubonelelwa ngengozi yokuxhomekeka kunye nokugqithisa ngokwezinto ezidityanisiweyo kunye nezi nkunkuma, nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngokulala kunye nokuxhalaba kuye kwaxhaswa yi-benzodiazepines.
Benzodiazepines , njengeValium, Xanax, kunye neKlonopin, ezisetyenziselwa ukuphatha uxhalaba, ukuxhatshazwa, nokulala.
Ingozi ethile ye-benzodiazepines yilapho ithatyathwa kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezingabangela ukulala, kuquka utywala, imishanguzo yezilonda zonyango, okanye amanye amayeza onobungozi obushushu.
Ukugqithiseleka kwale mibono kungabangela ukungazi, ukuphefumula ukuphefumula kunye nokufa.
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
Esinye isidakamizwa esiphezulu esiluxhaphazwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo kubaselula, isiraphu yokukhwehlela kunye neeflethi eziqukethe i-dextromethorphan (DXM). Eyasetyenziswa njengoko iyalathwayo, ezi mphulo zokukhwehlela zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza, kodwa amandla abo okusetyenziswa kakubi.
I-DXM inokuvelisa iziphumo ezinengqondo ezifana nezo ziveliswa yi- ketamine ne- PCP kuba ichaphazela imimandla efanayo yengqondo. Kodwa ukwenzela ukufezekisa le miphumo, ixabiso eligqithisileyo lonyango lokukhupha kufuneka lugqitywe.
Kwimilinganiselo emikhulu, iziyobisi zingabangela i-nausea kunye nokuhlanza, ukunyuka kwezinga lentliziyo kunye nexinzelelo legazi, kunye nomsebenzi ongenakucima. Ngokwenani elidlulileyo, isilwanyana sinokuvelisa ukuxinezeleka okuphefumulayo kunye nokungabikho kwe-oxygen engqondweni.
Imithombo:
Amacandelo okuLawula nokuKhuselwa kwezifo. "Ukugqithiswa kwee-Orpium opioid Pain Relievers --- United States, 1999--2008." 4 Novemba 2011.
Isizwe seSizwe sokuLawulwa kweziyobisi. "Iingcaciso Zeenkcukacha: Imithi Yogqirha kunye neMayeza Ophikisanayo." Juni 2009.