Akunjalo 'Into Emnyama'
Yintoni Ephantsi?
Ukuhla kwexesha eliphantsi kusetyenziswa ukubhekisela kumadoda asebenzelana nabasetyhini, kodwa nabo balala ngesondo kunye namadoda (MSM). Leli qela laqala kummandla omnyama; Nangona kunjalo, olu hlobo lokuziphatha alukho kwi-Afrika yaseMerika. Amadoda kuwo onke amahlanga kunye neenkcubeko aziwa ngokukhanyela ukukhangwa kwabo kwamanye amadoda.
Uxinzelelo loluntu lunamandla.
Kwintetho yoSeptemba 2007, umongameli wase-Iranian u-Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wathi "akukho bantu baseGayana ababenomdla." Oko wayethetha ngokuqinisekileyo kukuba, e-Iran, abantu abathandana nabo besilisa abavumelekanga ukuba baphile ubomi babo ngaphandle kokwesaba intshutshiso nokufa.
Kukho amaqela amaninzi e-United States afuna ukukwazi ukuthetha into efanayo-ukuba akukho namadoda angama-gay apha. Bangafuna ukukhanyela ubukho bobulili basemphakathini wabo. Nangona ininzi yabo ayinakuxhasa uxhaphalo, abazimisele kakhulu ukukhuthaza umthandazo, unyango okanye ukuphika okulula. Nangona kunjalo ingxaki kukuba, nokuba ukholelwa kwindalo okanye ukondla, abantu abathandana nabo, njengabo bonke abantu, basaya kufuna uthando kunye nesondo. Ngoko ke, ukuba ubaphoqa ukuba bafihle ubukho babo okanye baphikanye ubulili babo, kunokubafaka, kunye neqabane labo bobabini, besengozini.
Kuyimfihlo eyinto engxaki, kungekhona ubulili obufanayo
Nanini na umntu ebudlelwaneni apho elinye iqabane likholelwa ukuba ubudlelwane buyodwa, kwaye elinye iqabane lilala ngesondo ngaphandle kobudlelwane, iqabane elithembekileyo lisengozini.
Abantu abakwizinto abazibonayo ukuba bazibandakanya ubudlelwane bahlala bengathembeki kangako malunga nokusebenzisa isondo esilondekileyo. Apho umntu enokuba noxanduva lokusebenzisa iikhondom kunye nabalingani be-causal, banokuvakalelwa ukuba banokuphumla kanye kunye nobudlelwane obuzinzile. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, elinye iqabane lawo lisaphinda lilalane ngaphandle kobudlelwane, mhlawumbi banokuba besengozini ngokuthi "bahlalise."
Oku akuyona nje ingxaki kubasetyhini abandakanyekayo namadoda ehla phantsi. Ingxaki kuba nabani na olwalamano apho omnye umlingani engathembekanga ngezinga lokunyaniseka.
Iingozi ezikhethekileyo ze-Down Low
Ngoko kutheni ukuthetha ngabantu ngokuphantsi? Kukho izinto malunga naba bantu abababekayo, kunye nabalingani babo, ngokusemngciphekweni. Amadoda asezantsi awanakwenzeka ukufikelela kwiiprogram zokukhusela ezijoliswe kwi-MSM ngokwenene abachonga njenge-gay okanye abafazi. Kananjalo bancitshiswa kakhulu ukuba bahlolwe rhoqo nge-HIV. Nangona banokuba nobunzima obuphantsi beendlela zokuziphatha ezinobungozi kunye namanye amadoda, ukuziphatha kwabantu abasengozini ephantsi ekubandakanyekeni kunomlinganiselo obanzi omkhulu wokuphumela - ngakumbi kuba abaninzi babo banamaqela amaninzi kunye nabalingani besilisa.
Izifundo ziye zafumanisa ukuba, ngokubanzi, i-MSM emnyama inokwenzeka kakhulu kunamanye ama-MSM ukuba abe namaqabane amabhinqa. Nangona kunjalo, abafazi abamnyama banamathuba amaninzi kunabesifazana bezinye iintlanga ukuthetha ukuba abo bafana nabo baxhatshazwa. Uninzi lwezenzululwazi lukholelwa ukuba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo, oku kuhambelana neengozi zenkcubeko zokudalula ubungqina bezesondo ezingafaniyo zesini kunye namadoda avela kwiinkcubeko ezibeka ixabiso eliphezulu kwimisebenzi yamadoda.
Iimiphumo ezifanayo, nangona ziphantsi kakhulu, ziyabonakala kwi-Hispanic MSM.
Kutheni i-MSM ebomnyama kwiNgozi enkulu kangaka?
Amadoda aseMerika asezantsi aphezulu aphezulu kunezinga lokutheleleka kwe-HIV. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lubonisa ukuba le nto ayinanto ekwenzeni "umsebenzi ophantsi" kunokuba neyoku-1) amazinga aphezulu kwamanye ama-STD aququzelela usulelo lwe-HIV kunye no-2) amazinga aphantsi okuvavanya i-HIV kuluntu. Ezinye izinto ezinokuthi zitshintshe imeko ephezulu yengozi ye-HIV yeMM emnyama ngokuthelekiswa ne-MSM yezinye iintlanga. Iyokuqala kwezi ngxowaniselo eziphantsi kakhulu zokusoka, kuba abantu abangalukileyo, ngokubanzi, banokungena kwi-HIV.
Omnye umba kukuba ama-MSM amaninzi abamnyama abanokufikelela emgangathweni kunonophelo lwempilo, okanye amaqabane afikelelekayo ekunakekelweni kwezempilo. Abantu abanjalo, ukuba banentsholongwane kaGawulayo, banokuba nemithwalo ephezulu yentsholongwane, okwandisa amathuba okudluliselwa ngexesha lokwenza umsebenzi wesondo.
Kwixesha elidlulileyo, izazinzulu ezininzi zazingqinela ukuba amadoda ase-Afrika aseMelika ephantsi ayenomthwalo wokuba nenani eliphakamileyo lezesandulela-ngculazi kwiimeko ze-HIV zase-Afrika zaseMerika, kodwa oku akuzange kuxhaswe ngophando. Nangona loo madoda athile ngokuqinisekileyo enza igalelo kwi-bhubhane, akukho sikhokelo sokukholelwa ukuba benza okungaphezulu kunamadoda abandakanyeka kwingozi yobundlobongela besini kunye nabasebenzisi bezilwanyana ezininzi.
Sisiphi Isixazululo?
Indlela yodwa yokuphelisa ingxaki yabantu abalala ngesondo emva kohlobo lwabahlobo babo kukuguqula uluntu ukuze ukuthetha ngokukhululekile nangokunyanisekileyo ngesondo kuyinto evamile. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isisombululo esilula: Yiba nokunyamezela. Vumela abantu ukuba babe ngabani, nokuba ngaba bendoda, bendoda, okanye bafana. Vumela ukuba bakhethe ukuvuma abantu abayifunayo. Bavumele ithuba lokuxelela inyaniso kubantu abathandayo. Ukwenza ubungqingili bamkeleke mhlawumbi kunokuphelisa imfuno yabantu, okanye umnqweno, ukuba ube phantsi.
Ukuba ukunyamezela kunzima, kukho enye indlela yokujongana nokwanda kwengozi yesifo. Ukwamkela isondo ekhuselekileyo njengesiqhelo, nangaphandle kobudlelwane obuzimeleyo. Amaqabane amancinci amaninzi abona ukulahla iikhondom njengenjongo kunye nendlela yokubonisa ukuzimisela kwabo komnye nomnye. Kwimimandla ethile apho isondo esilondekileyo ngokuqhelekileyo sixabiseke kakhulu, ukuba umntu onokungazibandakanya naye ngesondo esingakhuselekanga ngokuqinisekileyo uyaziwa ngokuba "udidi oluxhamlekileyo," kwaye ezo zinobudlelwane zifakwa kwizithuba zokuhamba. "Mhlawumbi ngelinye ilanga, siya kufika apho," izibini zicinga. Kuthekani ukuba, endaweni yoko, abantu abaninzi bavuma ukuba iikhondomu, amantombazana amazinyo, kunye nezinto ezifana nazo babeya kuba yinxalenye yobomi babo bobulili kude kube, kwaye ngaphandle kokuba, banquma ukuba nabantwana?
Nangona ukunyaniseka ngokuthe tye kulungele ukunyaniseka kwempilo yabantu bonke, i-paranoia encinci enempilo ingaba yinto enhle kwimpilo yakho.
Okulandelayo: Kutheni amadoda alala namadoda ayengozini enkulu ye-HIV ...
Imithombo:
Ford et al. (2007) "Ubulili obuMnyama, uLwakhiwo loLuntu kunye noPhando oluPhezulu 'I-Down Low' (\ DL ')." Ann Epidemiol 17: 209-216.
Miller et al. (2005) "Ukwahlukana koSondo phakathi kwaBantu abaMnyama abalala ngesondo nabantu baseMzimbeni." I-Urban Health 82 (1 i-suppl 1): i26-i34
Millett et al. (2006) "Umngcipheko Omkhulu weNTSHOLONGWANE YABANTU ABANTU ABANTU ABASETYENZISELAYO NABANTU: Uhlolo lokuBhala kweziNcwadi." Ngaba J Zempilo Yoluntu. 96: 1007-1019
Montgomery et al. (2003) "Ubuninzi bokuziphatha kwabantu besini kunye nabasetyhini abane-HIV kunye nefuthe lokudluliselwa kumaqabane abo besini." Ukunyamekela nge-AIDS 15 (6): 829-837