Iingcamango zokuba ezinye iziphuzo ezininzi zibulala ngokusisigxina iiseli zengqondo sele zijikeleze ixesha elide. Ukusela ukunyamezela okudlulileyo kuye kwangexesha elide kunxulumene nokulahlekelwa kwengqondo. Ukutyalwa kotywala kotywala ngexesha lexesha elibalulekileyo lophuhliso lobuchopho, njengalowo uphando okanye ngexesha leminyaka elishumi elivisayo, luseyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa ngaba le glasi yewayini emva kokutya sakusihlwa kukubeka engozini yokulahleka kwe-neural?
Ziziphi izifundo ezibonisa ngokuphathelele utywala kunye neeseli zobununu
Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba ukusela akuyikho ekukholeni kweseli yesifo. Enyanisweni, abaphandi baye bafumanisa ukuba ukusela ngokunyanisekileyo kunokufumana uncedo lweempilo ezininzi, kubandakanya ukuphuculwa kwamakhono kunye nokunciphisa ama-cholesterol.
Olunye uphando olwakubandakanya ukuthelekisa inani le- neurons efunyenwe ebuchosini bezonxila kunye nabangelona utywala babone ukuba akukho mmahluko kwi-neuron neurons phakathi kwamaqela amabini.
Nangona utywala obunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kakubi akubangeli ekufeni kweeseli zobuchopho. Kunoko, utywala obonakalisa i-dendrites e-cerebellum kwaye unciphisa uxhulumaniso phakathi kwe-neurons. Abaphandi bafumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala kungekhona nje ukuphazamisa uxhulumano phakathi kwe-neurons; inokutshintsha kwakhona isakhiwo sabo. Into enye ayifuniyo, bayifumana, iyabulala amaseli.
Enyanisweni, uphando olubandakanya iifos lufumene ukuba ukumisa utywala-nangona emva kokusetyenziswa kakubi kakubi - kuvumela ingqondo ukuba iphilise.
Utywala kunye nezoBongo
Nangona ukufa kwangempela kwe-neural kungabikho kubangelwa utywala, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunokunokwenza umonakalo wengqondo . Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwexesha elide kunokungabikho kwintswelo ebalulekileyo ye-vitamin B ebizwa ngokuthi i-thiamine. Oku kunqongophala kungabangela i-Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, isifo esiyingozi se-neurological edibene nokusetyenziswa kotywala okubangelwa ukulahlekelwa kwee-neurons kwingqondo.
I-syndrome ibonakala ngeengxaki zeememori, i-amnesia, kunye nokuntuleka koxilongo. Kulo mzekelo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukulahlekelwa kwe-neurons kubangelwa ukusilela kwe-thiamine, kungekhona ngokusetyenziswa kotywala.
Kucacile ukuba, oku akuthethi ukuba abantu bafanele bawutyeshele iingozi ezinokusela kotywala. I-National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism ithi amanqaku amaninzi anokuchaphazela ngqo indlela utywala obuchaphazela ngayo ubuchopho, kubandakanywa ukuba umntu usela kangakanani na, kaninzi kangakanani na ukusela, ukuvalela kokusela kwasebatsha, kunye noluntu jikelele yempilo yomntu.
Enye into ekufuneka uyiqwalasele: Nangona utywala bengenako "ukubulala" iiseli zengqondo, uphando lubonisa ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu otywala angaphazamisa i- neurogenesis okanye ukwakhelwa kweeseli ezintsha zobuchopho. Kuze kube ngangoko nje, iingcali ezininzi zazikholelwa ukuba abantu abadala abakwazi ukukhula kwee-neurons ezintsha kwiingqondo. Le ngqungquthela isukela ekugqibeleni, kwaye iingcali zengqondo ziyabona ukuba iindawo ezithile zengqondo ziqhubeka nokwenza iiseli ezintsha zize ziphele.
Ngaphantsi
Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba utshwala abuyikubulala amangqamuzana engqondo. Noko ke, unokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo kunye nezinye iziphumo zempilo.
Imithombo:
Bates, ME, kunye noTracy, JI (1990). Ukusebenza kwengqondo kubaselula "basebenzisayo": Ngaba kukho ukukhubazeka ukufumana? I-Journal ye-Psychology engaqhelekanga, 99 , 242-249.
Jensen, GB, & Pakkenberg, B. (1993). Ngaba abatywala basebenzisa i-neurons yabo? ILancet, 342 (8881) , 1201-1204.
ISizwe lesiZwe malunga nokuTywala kotywala nokuNxila. (2004). Iziphumo ezinobungozi kotywala kwi-ingqondo. Ukwazisa utywala, 63 . Kufunyanwa kwi-http: //pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/aa63/aa63.htm
Nixon, K. kunye neCrews, F. (2004). Ukuqhekeza okwethutyana kwi-cell proliferation kwandisa i-hippocampal neurogenesis ngokukhawuleza ukuyeka utywala. I-Journal ye-Neuroscience, 24 (43), 9714-9722.