Ubukho beemvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga okanye iimpawu zokuziphatha
Iimpawu zengqondo zingabelana ngamacandelo amabini: iimpawu eziphathekayo zeengqondo kunye neempawu ezingathandeki kwengqondo.
Eyona nto ibonakaliswe ngobungqina obungavamile okanye obungavamile, iingcamango okanye ukuziphatha, iimpawu zengqondo ezintle zingabandakanya:
- Iingcamango zophicotho-zincwadi ezifana nezwi lokuva abanye abantu abakwazi ukuva
- Imiboniso yokujonga, okanye ukubona izinto ezingekho apho
- Ukucoca, okanye ukuziva izinto ezingekho apho
- Iingcamango ezinobuncwane, okanye izinto eziphosakeleyo ezingekho apho
- Ukuxhamla, okanye iinkolelo ezinzulu okanye iingcamango ezingenakwenzeka kwaye zingenakwenzeka ukuba zinyani
- Ingcamango neentetho ezingalungelekanga ezifana nokwenza amagama okanye ukuthetha ngokungabonakaliyo
- Ukuziphatha okungahambi kakuhle ngokufana nokuphazamiseka ngokukhawuleza, ukuziphatha okungaqhelekanga, okanye ukuhlala kwindawo engavumelekanga ixesha elide
Iimpawu ezintle zihlala zidibene nokuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia; Nangona kunjalo, banokubonakala kwi-posttraumatic disorder disorder (PTSD).
Izimpawu zeengqondo ezingalunganga zizo zibonakaliswa ukungabikho okanye ukulahlekelwa ngamava. Izimpawu zeengqondo ezintle ziquka:
- Ukunciphisa okanye ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ukukwazi ukuphendula ngokomoya abantu, imicimbi, njl.
- Ukunciphisa ukuthetha (alogia)
- Ubunzima obambelela kwimisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ( ukuvuswa ); ukubonakala kokungahlali okanye ukuhoxiswa; unokuba nobunzima bokugqiba imisebenzi elula, njengokuba ugqoke ekuseni
Izimpawu zengqondo kunye nePTSD
Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseManitoba, iYunivesithi yase-Columbia kunye neYunivesithi yaseRinina bahlola idatha malunga nabantu abangama-5,877 abavela kwi-United States yonke ukuba bafumane ireyithi apho abantu abaneengxaki zokuxinwa kwe-posttraumatic (PTSD) bafumana iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo zengqondo.
Bafumanise ukuba, phakathi kwabantu abane-PTSD, amava eempawu ezinengqondo zengqondo ziqhelekileyo.
Phantse ama-52 ekhulwini labantu abalisa ukuba babe ne-PTSD ngexesha elithile ebomini babo babika kwakhona ukuba banesifo esihle sengqondo.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezintle zilandelayo:
- Ukukholelwa ukuba abanye abantu babebahlola okanye bawalandela (iipesenti ezingama-27.5)
- Ukubona into abanye abangayiboniyo (i-19.8 pesenti)
- Ukuba neemvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga ngaphakathi okanye ngaphandle kwemizimba yazo, ezifana nesimo sengqondo njengoko besichukumiseka xa kungekho mntu wayekho khona (iipesenti ezingama-16.8)
- Ukukholelwa ukuba banokuva oko omnye umntu acinga (i-12,4 ekhulwini)
- Ukuxhatshazwa ngephunga elingaqhelekanga ukuba akukho namnye unokuvumba (ama-10,3 ekhulwini)
- Ukukholelwa ukuba iziphathamandla kunye neengcamango zabo zilawulwa ngamanye amandla okanye amandla (iipesenti ezili-10)
Abaphandi bafumene ubungqina bokuba iimpawu ze-PTSD ezingakumbi umntu aziva nazo, zininzi amathuba okuba nazo ziya kuba nempawu eziphathekayo zengqondo.
Ukuze bathathe isifundo sabo isinyathelo esithile, abaphandi bajonga ukuba zeziphi iziganeko ezibuhlungu ezixhaphake kakhulu kwiimeko zempilo yengqondo. Bafumene oku kulandelayo:
- Ukubandakanya emlilweni, umkhukula, okanye inhlekelele yendalo
- Ukubona umntu enzakele kakhulu okanye abulawe
- Ukufumana ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ngenxa yesiganeko esibuhlungu esenzeka kwisihlobo esisondeleyo, umhlobo, okanye enye into ebalulekileyo
Imbekiselo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMelika (1994). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zengqondo, 4th ed. Washington, DC: Umbhali.