Ukuphendula Kwangaphambili Ngokwemvakalelo Ingabonakaliswa Kamva I-Alcohol Problems
Ngaba abantu abanxilisayo basabela njani ngokwabo kwiimeko ezimbi kwaye ezijabulisayo zingachaza indlela abanye ababa ngotywala ngayo kuqala. Uphando luye lwabonisa ukuba ukuba umntu onxilisayo usebenzise ingxaki ebonisa ukunyamezeka kwemizwelo yeemeko ezibangelwa ukukhathazeka ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo kungabonakalisa ukungasebenzi kwimimandla yengqondo elawula indlela abahambelana ngayo kwimeko yabo kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo.
Ukuba loo ndawo yengqondo ingasebenzi kakuhle ebuntwaneni, abantwana baya kuba mngciphekweni omkhulu wokuhlakulela ingxaki yokuziphatha, kwaye kamva bahlakulele ingxaki yomntu, kwaye ekugqibeleni izidakamizwa zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ziquka ukungcola. Ubunzima obuchopho obufanayo obangela ukuphendulwa kwemizwa engaphantsi kwezinto ezikhokelela ekukhuseleni iimvakalelo ezisezantsi kunakhokelela ekuphatheni i-maladaptive, ukukhubazeka okungazincedisi ukuphuhliswa kotywala kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwengqondo yabantu
Abantu abanenkinga yokungafani nentsholongwane banokuthi:
- Ukwazi ukwenza ngobuqili nokuthabatha
- Yiba luhle ngokunyanzela nokuphatha abanye abantu
- Uphule umthetho ngokuphindaphindiweyo
- Ungayihoyi ukhuseleko lwazo kunye nabanye
- Unengxaki yokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi
- Ukuxoka, ukuba nokulwa rhoqo
- Ungabonakali unetyala okanye ukuzisola
- Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuba nomsindo okanye ukuzidla
Ukuphendulelwa okuNciphisa kwiiMpawu zoBomi
"Nangona bahlala bekhohlakeleyo, iimvakalelo zengqondo ziba nesigxina ekuqaliseni indlela ubuchopho bulawula ngayo ukuziphatha," watsho uRobert Miranda, Jr., isiZwe seSizwe ngokuSetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunye noTywala kwabanxila baseYunivesithi yaseBrown kunye nombhali wokuqala wokufunda.
"Ngokudibanisa neenkqubo zengqondo, ukuphendulwa kwemizwa kuthatha indima ebalulekileyo ekufundeni nasekukhunjweni, ukuvavanya ukuhluka kwezinto eziphilayo, kunye nokukhuthaza ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo. Kukho ukuhlukahluka phakathi kwabantu ngokubhekiselele kwindlela ebonakalayo esebenzayo ngayo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeemeko neziganeko. "U
"Le ntlukwano ingabonakalisa ubungozi kwiimeko ezithile zengqondo, ezifana nokukhathazeka kwemiba kunye nokuxhalaba ," watsho. "Kwimeko yokuziphatha okungafaniyo kunye nezilingo, kunokuthi kuncitshiswe iimpendulo kwiziganeko ezibonisa iziganeko eziphazamisayo, kuquka ukuhlwaywa."
Ukuxhatshazwa kwiNkohlakalo, iingxaki zeziyobisi
Abantu abangenayo ixabiso elifanelekileyo lokuxhalabisa okanye ukuphazamiseka xa besongelwa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuguqula indlela abaziphatha ngayo xa besabela ekusongweni, utshilo uPeter R. Finn, uprofesa wezesayensi kwi-University of Indiana, eBloomington.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Psychopath, i-subset yabantu abaneengxaki zobuntu abangabonakaliyo bodwa ababonisa ukungazenzisi kwiimpawu ezingathandekiyo. Olu hlolisiso lubheka ukunciphisa okanye 'u-hypo' reactivity kwi-stimuli yobungqina obunobungozi obubi, obunokubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwimeko enkulu uluhlu lweengxaki, kuquka ulwaphulo-mthetho, utywala kunye / okanye iingxaki zeziyobisi . Ngamanye amazwi, ukunyaniseka kungabonakalisa ukuziphatha kakubi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kotywala. "
Impendulo ye-Eye-Blink Yokuqala
Abaphandi ba-NIAAA baqhathanisa amaqela amathathu: ii-24 zazixhomekeke kutywala; 17 bebexhomekeke kutywala kwaye babenenkinga yobuntu, kwaye "ukulawula" 21 kwakungekho mxholongwane otywala okanye bengenayo ingxaki yobuntu.
Bonke abathathi-nxaxheba abangama-62 bazalise imibuzo yokuphendula ingxelo ngokwabo, i-interviews yekliniki, kunye ne-response blink eye-blink response response eqikelelwe ngelixa ukujonga iifoto zilinganiswa njengezinto ezimnandi, zingathathi hlangothi kwaye zingathandeki.
Izimpendulo zemizwelo ezingenanto
"Sifumene ukuba abantu abanexilongwane kunye noxinzelelo lwabantu abangafaniyo kunye noxwala ngaphandle kokungabikho komntu ongeyantlukwano kunye nokungaxhatshali komntu, ukungalawulwa kotywala ekuphenduleni kwabo," kusho uMiranda. "Ulawulo kunye noluntu olungabonakaliyo noluntu oluxhatshazwayo lwamaqela axhomekeke kutywala lubonisa ukunyuka okuqhelekileyo kwinqanaba le-eyeblink ye-reflective reflex kwizinto ezintle zokungathathi hlangothi kwinto engathandekiyo."
"Ngokwahlukileyo, izidakwa ezinobungozi bokungabikho kwemicimbi yabantu azibonakalanga ukunyuka kwesohlwayo ekuphenduleni umonakalo ongathandekiyo okanye ukunciphisa ukuphendula kwisicatshulwa esimnandi," watsho. Ngamafutshane, iimpendulo zabo zengqondo zibonakala zingenangqungquthela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba onke amaqela amathathu alinganise iifoto ezifanayo, ezilawula ukuba kwenzeka ukuba ukungalingani kwempendulo kubangelwe ukuguqula amava okuzimela. "
Utywala uthabatha ukuba ube yingxaki
UFin uthe ezi ziphumo zifake izicelo ezikhawulezayo kunye nezizayo. "Utywala udla ukungena enkingeni," watsho. "Kanti aba bantu banokuthi bangakhange bachatshazelwe yimiphumo yeziphumo ezimbi, kwaye ngokwenene, banokuba neengxaki zokuvimbela ukuziphatha kwabo ukuphepha iziphumo ezinjalo."
"Ngoko, uza kunika njani unyango kubantu baseburhulumenteni bezobisi?" Ucwaningo lwexesha elizayo, wongezelela, kufuneka lugxininise "kubantwana ababonisa ubungqina beengxaki zokuziphatha kodwa abangekho ukuphuhlisa iingxaki zotywala. Sifuna kwakhona ukuqonda ukuba yintoni impembelelo engaba nayo kwiimeko zabo zokuphendula," watsho.
Miranda uyavuma. "Ukuziphatha kakubi (i-CD), ubuntwana obengumntwana ngaphambili kwintlupheko yobuntu obungabonakaliyo , iyona nto inamandla kakhulu engqondweni yengqondo yokusetyenziswa kotywala nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi," esho. Izifundo ezininzi zibhekiselele kubudlelwane obudibeneyo phakathi kweengxaki zendlela yokuziphatha ebuntwaneni bentsapho kunye nabasemaphandleni kwaye emva koko bezisebenzisa iziyobisi; abo babonisa iingxaki ezininzi zokuziphatha banamazinga aphezulu okusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye namazinga aphezulu eengxaki ezinxulumene neziyobisi. "
Imithombo:
ILayibrari yeSizwe ka-US yamayeza. "Ingxaki yobuntu bodwa." I-Medical Encyclopedia ngo- Oktobha 2014
Miranda, R et al. "Ukuguqulwa kweeMpawu eziHlangeneyo zeRangle Reflex kwiNxila kunye noxinzelelo lwengqondo." Utywala: Uphando lwezonyango kunye novavanyo lukaDisemba 2003