Yintoni Ukuhlaselwa Ngokwezesondo Nokuthi Kutheni Abantu Bengabibi?
Ngowe-2016, i-United States Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) ichaza ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo njengoko:
Uluhlu oluninzi lokuhlukunyezwa, oluhlukileyo lokudlwengula okanye ukuzama ukudlwengulwa. Ezi zolwaphulo-mthetho zibandakanya ukuhlaselwa okanye ukuzama ukuhlaselwa ngokubanzi ngokubandakanya ukungaxhatshali ngokwesondo phakathi kwexhoba kunye nomoni. Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo kunokuthi okanye kungabandakanyi amandla kwaye kufaka izinto ezinjengokubamba okanye ukuxuba. Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo kuqukwa neengongelo zomlomo.
Ukudlwengula, okuchazwa njengomlomo onyanzelekileyo, umlingo, okanye ukungena kwangaphakathi, uhlelwe njengoluhlu lolwaphulo-mthetho oluhlukeneyo ngenxa yezizathu zomthetho nezibalo. Ngoko uzama ukudlwengulwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiingxoxo ezininzi ezidumileyo, ukudlwengulwa kunye nokuzama ukudlwengulwa kubhekwa njengentlukwano yokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. Zonke zibandakanya ukunxibelelana ngokwesondo ngaphandle kwemvume.
Ngo-2014, unyaka osandul 'ukwenziwa ukuba i-US iqokelele iinkcukacha zeenkcukacha, abantu abangama-284,350 babike ukudlwengulwa okanye ukuhlaselwa ngokwesini kumapolisa. Ngaphezu kwesigidi esinye sabika isiganeko sobundlobongela basekhaya okanye ubudlova obusondelene nabo. Lezo manani zingenakucatshulwa kakhulu kunenani lamanani okuhlaselwa. Ngo-2014, i-BJS iqikelele ukuba kuphela malunga neyesithathu kokudlwengulwa kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesini kwabikwa kwamapolisa.
Nangona isininzi sabasindayo besinikwa ngabafazi, amadoda asengozini yokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo. I-BJS iqikelela ukuba phakathi kuka-1992-2000, iipesenti ezili-11 zokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo zafunyanwa ngamadoda, kunye neepesenti ezingama-9 zokuzama kunye nama-6 ekhulwini okudlwengulwa.
Ehlabathini lonke, abaphandi baqikelela ukuba ama-20 ekhulwini kwabasetyhini kunye ne-4 ekhulwini yamadoda baya kuba ngamaxhoba okuzama ukudlwengulwa.
Kutheni Abantu Bengazibizi Iingxaki
Uphando lubonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu abafumana ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo aluzange luchaze kuyo nayiphi na i-arhente esemthethweni. Ngoba? Kukho inani lezinto ezigcina abantu bangabika.
Ezi ziquka:
- I-Stigma and Blame. Abanye abasindileyo bayesaba ukuba baya kuhlawulwa ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwabo. ("Akufanele ube uphuze." "Kutheni ucinga ukuba ukuphuma wedwa kwakuyinto efanelekileyo?") Le miyalezo ingavela kubahlobo neentsapho ezinentsingiselo. Ziyakwazi ukuvela kubanikezeli bezempilo, abasebenzisa umthetho, okanye inkqubo yobulungisa.
I-Stigma yinkxalabo enkulu kubantu abasindayo bokuhlaselwa. Basenokuba besaba ukuba babonakala banobuthakathaka okanye besicinga ngesondo sabo. Iingcamango zesithethe sokudlwengulwa nazo zifuna ukuba amadoda afune ukulala ngesini sonke ixesha. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu oye wahlaselwa ingozi ekuthethwa ngayo "kungekhona ngokwaneleyo." Oko kunokuziva ngathi ukuhlaselwa kwesibili, emva kokuhlaselwa. - Ekuboni I Point. Abaninzi abasindileyo abayiboni injongo yokubika. Inkqubo yobulungisa ayinayo irekhodi eqhubekayo yokugweba ngokufanelekileyo izilwanyana zesini. Ngaloo ndlela, abasindileyo banokubona ingxelo njengento ebeka ingozi kubo ekugwebeni ngaphandle kwesigxina. Basenokungafuni ukuxhaswa ngamava ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ngokukodwa xa bengathandabuzeki amathuba okubulungisa.
- Ihlazo. Ngamanye amaxesha abasindileyo banamahloni okanye banentloni malunga noko kwenzeke kubo. Bayesaba ukuthetha malunga namava, kunye nabahlobo abasondeleyo. Kungathatha ixesha lokudlula, kwaye abanye abantu abazange benze. Abasindileyo banokukhathazeka ukuba inkqubo yezobulungisa inokuqwalasela into eyenzekayo ukuba "ayikho into ebalulekileyo." Oku kunokukhokelela ekuzigwebeni kunye nokufihla.
- Ixhalaba Ngobumfihlo. Abasindileyo banokukhathazeka ngakumbi ngokugcina ubumfihlo babo kunokubona ukungenelela komthetho. Ukubizwa ngokuba ngumntu oye wabhekana nokuhlaselwa kungabandezeleka kwaye. Ubumfihlo bungabakhathalela ngokugqithiseleyo abantu abathandana nabasetyhini, abesilisa abesilisa abesilisa nabesilisa kunye nabasemagunyeni. Abantu be-Transgender nabo banamazinga aphezulu ahlaselwa ngokwesondo xa kuthelekiswa nabalingani babo be-cisgender.
Kukho amabini athatha imilayezo yasekhaya ukusuka kulo. Eyokuqala kukuba i-Bureau of Justice Information Information malunga nenani lokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo ngamnye unyaka phantse liphantsi kakhulu kunenani lenani lokuhlaselwa.
Okwesibini kukuba ukubika kunzima kakhulu.
Ukuba umntu eza kuza kuthetha nawe ngokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo, mamela, ube nomusa, kwaye unike inkxaso ngenkxaso. Musa ukubaxelela ukuba kufuneka baye kumapolisa okanye esibhedlele, kodwa baxhase ukuba bafuna. Musa ukwenza ingxoxo malunga nawe okanye ukhangela izizathu zokuhlaselwa. Vumela osindileyo aholele ingxoxo aze amise i-ajenda. Akukho namnye indlela efanelekileyo yokujongana nokuhlaselwa.
Iimpembelelo zeengqondo zeNtshukumo zoSondo
Ukuhlaselwa ngokwesondo kuye kwaboniswa ukuba nefuthe elide elide kwimpilo yomntu kunye nentlalo. Akunabo bonke abasindileyo baya kuba nemiphumo emibi, kodwa iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezibonakala emva kokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo ziquka:
- I-Post-Traumatic Distress Disorder , okanye i-PTSD
- Ukusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa ye-PTSD okanye indlela yokuhlangabezana neempawu.
- Ukuxhalabisa ngokubanzi
- Phobias
- Ukuxinezeleka
- Ubunzima bokusebenza ngokwesondo, kuquka ukuyeka ukulala ngesithuba esifutshane okanye ixesha elide
- Ukuxhalabisa ngeNtlalo kunye nezinye iingxaki zentlalo yokusebenza
- IsiSomatic, okanye impilo yempilo, iingxaki ezinjengeentloko, iingxaki zesisu kunye nokuxhatshazwa kwemisipha
Zininzi zale mpawu ziyakwazi ukujongana nonyango oluxhaswe ngengozi. Kwabanye abantu, amayeza angabaluleka.
ILizwi Elivela Kulo: Indima Yemvume Yokuqinisekisa
Ngethuba lokhetho luka-2016 longameli, uRush Limbaugh wathi kwi-radiyo yakhe:
Uyazi ukuba yintoni igama lomlingo, into eyona nto ebalulekileyo kwiimeko zaseMerika namhlanje? Into enye. Unokwenza nantoni na, ngakwesobunxele kuya kukhuthaza nokuqonda nokunyamezela nantoni na, ngokungakhathaliseki ukuba kukho enye into. Uyazi ukuba yintoni? Mvume. Ukuba kukho imvume kubo bobabini okanye bonke abathathu okanye bonke abane, nangona baninzi ababandakanyeka kwisenzo sesondo, kulungile kakuhle. Nantoni na. Kodwa ukuba ikhohlo liyakubona kwaye livumba ukuba akukho mvume inxalenye ye-equation ke apha kuza ukudlwengulwa kwamapolisa. Kodwa imvume yikhilo lomlingo ngakwesobunxele. - I-Rush Limbaugh Show, ngo- Oktobha 12, 2016 .
Ulungile. Kubantu abaninzi ngakwesokhohlo, imvume iyimigaqo ecacileyo yokuziphatha ngokwesini. Kukho isizathu esihle saloo nto. Naluphi na uhlobo loqhagamshelwano lwezesondo, kwaye kufuneka ukuba lube nolwaphulo-mthetho. Ikhohlo linyamekela ngokunyanisekileyo ngabantu abalala ngesondo kunokuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo ufuna ukuba khona kwaye unamandla okwenza eso sigqibo. Kunzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni nabani na onokuyicinga ukuba into embi.
> Imithombo:
> I-Langenderfer-Magruder L, iiWolds NE, iKattari SK, i-Whitfield DL, iRamos D. Ukuxhatshazwa ngokwesondo kunye nePolisa elandelwayo yi-Gender Identity Phakathi kweLesbian, Gay, uBixual, i-Transgender, ne-Queer Adults. Vict Violence. 2016; 31 (2): 320-31. i-doi: 10.1891 / 0886-6708.VV-D-14-00082.
> Mason F, uLowrick Z. Iziphumo zengqondo zesondo. I-Best Tract Res Clinic Obstet Gynaecol. 2013 Feb; 27 (1): 27-37. i-doi: 10.1016 / j.bpobgyn.2012.08.015.
> Rennison CM, i-BJS Statistician. NCJ194530: Ukudlwengula kunye nokuhlaselwa ngokwesondo: Ukubika kwi-Police kunye neNkcazo yezoNyango. Isebe lezoBulungisa eMelika. Agasti 2002.
> Truman, JL & Langton, L, i-BJS Statisticians. NCJ248973: Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwe-Criminal, 2014 . Isebe lezoBulungisa eMelika. Agasti 2015.