Ukhetho olukhethiweyo luyi-disorder ngokuvamile efunyaniswa ngunyana. Amacala okuqala achazwe emva kowe-1877 xa udokotela waseJamani u-Adolph Kussmaul wabhalwa ngabantwana abangazange bathethe njengokuba "aphasia voluntaria."
Abantwana abakhethileyo bayakwazi ukuthetha kwiimeko ezithile zentlalo, njengesikolo okanye kuluntu. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantwana abahluphekileyo ngenxa yokuhlukumeza.
Ukuxilongwa
Nangona ukhetho olukhethiweyo lukholelwa ekubeni luxhomekeke ekuxhalabeni, aluzange luhlukaniswe njengengxaki yokuxhalabisa kude kube yintsholongwane yakutshanje ye- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disabilities (DSM-V) epapashwe ngo-2013.
Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi "ukhetho" lwakwamkelwa ngo-1994, ngaphambi kokuba i-disorder ibiwaziwa ngokuthi "ukukhetha ukukhetha." Utshintsho lwenziwe ukugxininisa ukuba abantwana abanomdla wokukhetha abakhethi ukuthula, kodwa kunoko banesaba ukuthetha.
Iindlela eziphambili zokuxilongwa kwe-mutism ukukhetha ukungakwazi ukuthetha kwiimeko ezithile zentlalo apho kulindeleke ukuthetha (umzekelo, isikolo), nangona uthetha kwezinye iimeko.
Iimpawu zokubaluleka kokukhetha kufuneka ukuba zikhona ubuncinane inyanga enye, kwaye kungekhona inyanga yokuqala yesikolo.
Umntwana wakho kufuneka aqonde ulwimi oluthethiweyo kwaye abe nako ukuthetha ngokuqhelekileyo kwezinye iimeko (ngokuqhelekileyo ekhaya kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo).
Ekugqibeleni, ukungabikho kwentetho kufuneka kuphazamise ukusebenza komfundi okanye kwentlalo.
Abantwana abayeke ukuthetha okwethutyana emva kokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe okanye bafumana isiganeko esibuhlungu besingeke bafumaneke ngohlobo olukhethileyo.
Iimpawu
Ukuba ukholelwa ukuba umntwana wakho unokubandezeleka, ukhangele ezi zilandelayo:
- Uthotho, ukwesaba abantu kunye nokungafuni ukuthetha phakathi kweminyaka emibini nemine ubudala
- Ukungakwazi ukuthetha esikolweni nakwezinye iimeko zentlalo
- Ukusetyenziswa kokunxibelelana okungabonakaliyo ukuthetha iimfuno (inqumle ikhanda, amanqaku)
- Ukubonakalisa umnqweno wokuthetha ophethwe ngumxhala, ukwesaba okanye ukuhlazeka
- Ukuthetha lula kwiimeko ezithile (umzekelo, ekhaya okanye nabantu abaqhelekileyo), kodwa kungekhona abanye
- Ukukhusela, ukuthintela kwamehlo, ukungahambi kwentshukumo okanye ukungabikho kokubonakalisa xa kukho imeko eyoyikisayo
Izizathu
Kwaye kwakholelwa ukuba ukunyanzeliswa komntu kwaba ngumphumo wokuxhaphazwa kwabantwana, ukukhathazeka, okanye ukuphazamiseka. Uphando ngoku lubonisa ukuba le ngxaki ihambelana nokuxhalaba okukhulu kweentlalo kunye nokuba iziganeko zobomi zenzeka. Njengazo zonke iingxaki zengqondo, akunakwenzeka ukuba kukho esinye isizathu.
Unyango
Ukuhlukunyezwa okhethiweyo kuyamkeleka unyango xa ibanjwa ekuqaleni. Ukuba umntwana wakho uthe cwaka esikolweni iinyanga ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kubalulekile ukuba unyango luqale ngokukhawuleza.
Xa ingxaki ingabanjwanga kusasa, kukho umngcipheko ukuba umntwana wakho uya kusetyenziswa ukuba angathethi-ukuba ukuthula kuya kuba yindlela yobomi kwaye kunzima ukutshintsha.
Unyango oluqhelekileyo lwe-mutism olukhethekileyo kukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zokulawulwa kokuziphatha.
Ezi nkqubo zibandakanya iindlela ezifana nokuchithwa kwemisebenzi kunye nokuqiniswa okuqinisekileyo, kusetyenziswe kokubili ekhaya nasezikolweni phantsi kolawulo lweengqondo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ootitshala bangakhathazeka okanye bacaphuke ngabantwana abangathethiyo. Unokukunceda ngokuqinisekisa ukuba utitshala wakho ngumntwana uyazi ukuba ukuziphatha akukwenzi. Ngokubanye kufuneka ukhuthaze umntwana wakho kwaye unikezele udumo kunye nemivuzo yokuziphatha okulungileyo.
Nangona ukufumana amanyathelo amnandi ukuthetha kuthetha into enhle, ukugweba ukuthula akusiyo. Ukuba umntwana wakho wesaba ukuthetha, akayi kunqoba loloyiko ngokuxinzelelo okanye isohlwayo.
Amachiza anokuba afanelekileyo, ngakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima okanye ezingapheliyo, okanye xa ezinye iindlela zingazange ziphuculwe. Ukukhethwa kokusetyenziswa kwamachiza kufuneka kwenziwe ngokubonisana nodokotela onamava achaza amayeza axhalabisayo.
Ngokubanzi, kukho ukulungelelaniswa kakuhle kwesi sifo. Ngaphandle kokuba kukho enye ingxaki efaka isandla ekukhetheni ukhetho, abantwana ngokubanzi benza kakuhle kwezinye iindawo kwaye akudingeki ukuba babekwe kwiiklasi ezizodwa zemfundo.
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba le ngxaki iqhubekele phambili ibe ngumntu omdala, ayinqabile kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba ingxaki yokuxhalaba kwentlalo iya kukhula.
Imithombo:
Umbutho wezeMpilo waseMerika. (2013). Incwadana yokuxilonga kunye neenkcukacha zeengxaki zeengqondo (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Umbhali.
Freeman JB, Garcia AM, Miller LM, Dow SP, Leonard HL. Ukhetho lweMutism. Ku: Morris TL, Matshi JS, eds. Ukukhathazeka Ngokukhathazeka Kwabantwana nakwi-Adolescents. ENew York: Guilford; 2004.
Selective Mutism Foundation. Ukuqonda iMutism Selective.